Michelangelo Pieta

Evan O'Meara September 18, 2012 Humanities Seminar WF 11:30 Prof. Lomanno The Beauty of Pieta Michelangelo Buonarroti is one of the most critically acclaimed artists in human history. His artwork was created during the time of the Renaissance (15th century-17th century Europe). The Renaissance was a period of prosperity for literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion, as well as other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Michelangelo’s works have stood the test of time and are still available to the public eye today. Of all Michelangelo’s masterpieces the Pieta stands out from the rest.This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus in the arms of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. It is an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. The statue is one of, if not the most beautiful works of art by Michelangelo Michelangelo’s Pieta is his most beautiful piece of art in my eyes. I have never seen a sculpture with such intricate detail in my entire life. Michelangelo is famous for sculpting every muscle, tendon, and vein on the human body with unfathomable exactitude, as he does with the Pieta.The detail makes this sculpture beautiful because I have never seen anything like it. The sculpture almost looks too perfect. I cannot marvel how the hand of Michelangelo in such a short period of time produced such divine work. I cannot understand how one can just take a block of marble and have the Pieta as a finished product. It almost seems impossible, but that is what makes it beautiful. Another element of this sculpture that I find beautiful is the way Michelangelo sculpted the Virgin Mary’s robe. It almost seems as if her clothes are not made of marble.Every crease in her robe is sculpted with such precision and detail. I do not know where Michelangelo found the patience to complete this piece. What most people could not achieve in a lifetime Michelangelo achieved in a year. He created a sculpture that defines divine beauty. Michelangelo did not want his version of the Pieta to represent death, but rather to show the religious vision of abandonment and a serene face of Jesus. The Virgin Mary’s face is youthful, yet beyond time; her head leans only slightly over the lifeless body of her son lying in her lap unlike other versions of the Pieta.Michelangelo wanted to express divine beauty in his version. This version is more peaceful than the others. The crucifixion wounds on Jesus’ hands and feet are small and non-violent. The fact that Michelangelo wanted to sculpt a new version of the Pieta in which nobody had ever seen is beautiful to me. The Pieta truly is Michelangelo’s most remarkable work of art. It was the first piece he personally signed. It was his first masterpiece in his eyes. Just days after it was placed in Saint Peter's, Rome, Michelangelo overheard a pilgrim remark that the work was done by Christoforo Solari, a rival sculptor.Michelangelo knew his sculpture of divine beauty was going to be one of the best the world has ever seen. That night, in a fit of rage, Michelangelo took hammer and chisel and scrawled: â€Å"Michelangelo Buonarroti, Florentine, made this† across Mary's breast. This is the only work that Michelangelo ever signed. He later regretted his passionate outburst of pride and determined to never again sign a piece of his work. Signed by the artist or not, Michelangelo’s Pieta will forever be a work of divine beauty that is often imitated, but never duplicated. Word Count: 580

Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne

Writers of literature, especially those in the genre of stories, used different types of themes and symbolisms to represent an idea and concept that is not directly mentioned by the writer. Most themes especially about life, human nature and society are implied rather than explicitly stated. It’s the writer’s choice if he or she would want to use figures, objects or characters to illustrate an abstract idea to create various realizations on the part of the readers. The aesthetics of literature depends on how the writer seamlessly and creatively associates symbolisms to the themes of the story. In the story Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, he used the title as a symbol itself, the characters, and the Biblical allusions as a point of comparison to the consequences of sins happened in the story. The Scarlet letter is used as a significant symbolism of shame that often identify the main protagonist, Hester. The â€Å"letter† word in the story functions as the reminder of her sin. Hester’s adultery receives harsh judgment and retaliation from the self righteous Puritan community. Her sin excludes her in the society or in a pattern known as unity versus exclusion in literature. Hester single mistake in the past made her an outcast who automatically separated her from ordinary social interaction. In the beginning of the story in the episode of the marketplace, the â€Å"scarlet letter† â€Å"was so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of the spell, taking her out in the ordinary relations with humanity, and enclosing her in a sphere by herself† (Robinson 104). Here, Hawthorne already revealed how the scarlet letter symbolizes Hester’s authenticity as a character and fate. The letter becomes â€Å"the object of severe and universal observation† in the Puritan community (Robinson 114). Moreover, Hester’s presence in the â€Å"crowd had been of such deep social interest† not because of her as a character but because of what the scarlet letter says about her past (Robinson 138). The Scarlet Letter symbolizes the community’s system of judgment and punishment that greatly used symbols and externals to question one’s morality. The scarlet letter in the story is a figurative thing intended to represent sin and a mark of shame. This figurative object went to her after the adultery she committed with Dimmesdale. The setting of the story belonged to a Puritan community who strictly follows the standard of morality. Hester’s adultery from this kind of society received harsh judgment and retaliation from the Puritan community. Despite the painful judgment, Hester chose to stay in the community because running away would be an acknowledgment of society's power over her. Scarlet Letter embodies Hester’s identity that was determined to create her own individuality rather than allowing others to determine it for her. She chose not to conform to the society’s rules and standard. She knows deep inside that she is more than her sins. Her sins were all part of her but the journey of life still continues. Scarlet Letter illustrates Hester’s acceptance of her sins. She admitted though that the letter is a mark of shame but removing the letter or running away would be an acknowledgment of society's power over her. Hester was a symbol for hope, restoration and transformation. The judgmental community unconsciously transformed and challenged her character to be compassionate and capable woman. Her pains made humble. Her innate good nature was fully expressed from her challenging yet sorrowful faith. The scarlet letter as a symbolism is all in connection to the twists and turns of the story as well as to the character. Pearl, Hester’s daughter also noticed that, her mother wear a scarlet letter among all the grown up women in the community. â€Å"Mother†, said the little Pearl, â€Å"the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom†¦ It will not flee from me, for I wear nothing on my bosom yet! â€Å"Nor ever will my child, I hope†, said Hester. â€Å"And why not mother? † asked Pearl, stopping short†¦ â€Å"Will it not come of its accord, when I am a grown woman? † (Robinson). In this conversation, it highlights the reality that the scarlet letter is intended to represent sin and Pearl as a child doesn’t fully comprehend her mother’s peculiar situation. Pearl’s innocent and pointed questions create suspense since it makes the characters feel uncomfortable. Moreover her character illustrates perception and honesty that separates her from the corrupt minds of the adulthood. Pearl’s innocent questions motivated those people around her to think and to reflect on the truths that are often overlooked. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter and Hester accordingly clothes her in a â€Å"beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom† (Robinson). Pearl illegitimacy in the story and as a product of sin mysteriously takes the consequences of her parents’ guilt. The story of the â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† can be compared to some of the stories mentioned in the Old Testament. The plot depicting the extreme portrayal of Puritanism can be compared to the way old people from the Bible regard shame, rules and order. Just like Adam and Eve, Hester and Dimmesdale’s sins particularly adultery separated them from the divine and community (the way Puritan community perceives it). Sins excluded and alienated them in the society. Dimmesdale and Hester’s state of sinfulness led them to personal growth, sympathy and speculation about human nature and larger moral questions. At the end, the inner wisdom that Hester accumulated from the judgmental community greatly benefited her character and sense of individuality. The scarlet letter for Hester according to Nathaniel Hawthorne in one of his interviews after the creation of this wonderful story â€Å"was her passport into regions where other women dared not to tread. Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been her teachers—stern and wild ones—and they had made her strong, but taught her much amiss†. Though the setting happened during Puritan community but the themes are timeless- judgmental society, personal responsibility and unconformity.

A Better Kind of Chance

I learned about patella alta when I was thirteen. I also learned that the condition is simply fancy medial terms for totally messed-up knee caps. While most middle-schoolers were typically taught the concepts of inertia and the Pythagorean theorem, I was showed diagram after diagram of bones and ligaments and tendons. But how bad could it be?† I asked myself as I sat in the doctor’s office, looking at the alien words and unreadable x-rays. I was only there because my knees were feeling a little sore sometimes after practice. My orthopedist spoke of dislocation, warning me of the implications of a torn ACL or meniscus, but I ignored him. I was invincible at the time, like most teenagers see themselves to be. Until I wasn’t. It was days after my fifteenth birthday that I shredded a ligament in my knee. It was a month later that I was walking into surgery to replace it. It was three hours after that when I was wheeled out, and my lens on chance focused. I realized only then, sitting in my wheelchair, that I took a chance doing what I love every day. Gearing up for a game presented dangers I had failed to recognize earlier. Lining my helmet and bat against the fence, lacing up my glove, taking a ballsy lead off first base all a game of chance. My passion for softball had overshadowed this fact. From the moment I stepped on the field to the time the last out was made, everything that wasn’t a part of the game was irrelevant, yet none of my passion mattered when I couldn’t play. I hurt myself half-way through my freshman season, meaning I would miss one-eighth of my high school career. I was devastated when I did the math, which, if you understood my relationship with fractions, took a while to formulate. Everything up to that first one-eighth orchestrated a perfect timeline: little league ball, varsity ball, and, eventually, college ball. There was no room for bad knees in my plan, and I was unprepared to make alterations, so I thought it would be easier to discard it entirely. No more softball, no more getting hurt, no more chances. Almost a year later, though, I somehow found myself at try-outs. My dad made me go. I didn’t want to be there. I didn’t want to be carried off the field again, I didn’t want to get injured again. I was every synonym of scared in the thesaurus. My knees screamed at me to leave. But I didn’t Im pretty sure I was paralyzed by fear. I stared at my dusty glove while the coaches began introductions, transfixed by the thoughts of those awful months on bed rest and memories of crutch-induced armpit aches. But I kept those incapacitated skeletons to myself, my daze broken by the cheering of my former teammates and newer recruits. My coach preached his faith in a playoff run for the Bulldogs, how he really thought the team had a chance of greatness this season. There, surrounded by my passion, I was presented with simply the opportunity of another chance. I know I took a chance putting on my uniform again in that that third-eighth of my career. Correction: I take a chance every time I do. But getting back on the field meant more to me than fear. Passion drones out urgent-care nightmares. There will always be a chance of getting hurt, but there will also be a chance of hitting a walk-off home run or winning the play-offs. I choose to believe in those kind of chances instead.

CRITICAL CLAIM MAJOR PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRITICAL CLAIM MAJOR PAPER - Essay Example This paper argues that the ad wants to suggest that Chanel, as a brand, is a seductive and sophisticated brand because of its sexual and affluence themes, although it is criticized for suggesting that women are men’s sexual objects. This Chanel advertisement suggests that women can only attain power, if they fully submit to the sexual desires of men. The entire scene of the ad is oriental in look, which uses the theme of Orientalism, where the Oriental is the â€Å"Other† that the dominant party uses for their own personal interests. Orientalism includes Asian and Middle Eastern signs and colors. The golden bed, golden bed sheets, and golden wall paper with its Middle-Eastern-looking designs signify Orientalism. They look exotic and different than usual Western designs. Orientalism is about power over what is different. Chanel wants to say that with an Oriental look, it is the one in power. The woman in bondage signifies power even more. She is the â€Å"product† that shows that Chanel is a powerful brand. It holds people, as if they are held captive. At the same time, the Oriental look shows sophistication. It suggests mastery over something; in this case, it is mastery over the weaker sex, the woman. Chanel might not be meaning to make it look like it is demeaning women or â€Å"Orientals,† but the entire picture looks like it is using the woman for its personal purposes, so that it can have power, the kind of power that is based on people’s weaknesses. The woman then cannot have power of her own, unless she becomes an Oriental entity. Furthermore, bondage is a sexual symbol, and Orientalism sexualizes the â€Å"Other† too. Chanel might just be saying that it is a powerful and sophisticated brand through the use of an Oriental woman. On the contrary, the use of a woman indicates sexual oppression. Even if the woman is white, her surroundings Orientalize her, thereby making her the â€Å"lower† person. Orientali sm, as an underlying theme, indicates the pervading sexual oppression of women in this advertisement. The entire dress and footwear signify Oriental beauty, specifically a trampled and used beauty. The skirt has beads and golden designs. It is the most Oriental-looking in the whole ensemble. The shoes and blouse are modern in design. The shoes have high heels, with the heels upside down. The down part is the woman, who cannot escape her bondage. The blouse is checkered with frill ends. The model wears a headband that matches her blouse. Her handcuff is her bag. The blouse, bag, and headband indicate that they reinforce each other. In other words, they strengthen the proverbial chains around the woman. Though the model has a modern fashion style, the entire effect is Orientalism because of the Muslim-inspired background. By looking as an Oriental, she becomes a maiden in distress, not a white modern woman in power. She is weak, so she is easily trapped, and she must be saved. Chanel saves her with its fashion sense. But why must she be imprisoned in the first place? The act of imprisonment suggests that she has no power to begin with. As an Oriental, she is a prisoner of the one in power. The power play is clear in the uneven relationship between the brand and the woman. Chanel is the authoritative brand, when it comes to sophisticated and modern tastes. It imprisons women with its

American beauty and Existentialism Movie Review

American beauty and Existentialism - Movie Review Example The continual struggle of Lester Burnham regarding the meaning of life eventually endows him with the freedom to assume total responsibility for his life, thereby taking the onus to give a meaning to his life, which though did not affiliate to any organized and systematic philosophical discipline is of immense importance and concern, so far as the life of Lester Burnham is concerned. Hence, eventually in the climax, Lester Burnham arrives at a meaningful conclusion that corroborates the essential existential theme that any valid philosophical quest ought to stand on a foundation comprising of the actual experiences of an individual. The eventual demise of Lester Burnham is not only satisfactory and well deserved in the context of his individual struggle, but is also indicative of the possibility of soliciting happiness by proactively engaging in an existential crisis. The existential themes inherent in the movie American Beauty could only be grasped by having a relevant insight into the actual plot and contexts. The central character in the movie that is Lester Burnham is shown to be up against a midlife existential crisis. In the movie Lester Burnham is shown to be a middle aged American male who is both a husband and a father. Lester is shown to be trapped in a marriage that is of no relevant meaning or interest to him. He happens to be the father of a daughter who actually seems to hate him. Lester is also shown to be trapped in a job that not only devoid of any motivation or interest, but also happens to be morally and ethically debasing and from which Lester Burnham intends to escape for the sake of personal peace and well being. It is only after Lester Burnham gets attracted to her daughter’s young and beautiful friend that he begins to assume responsibility for his life, thereby getting actively engaged in asking questions and making decisions that lead to his eventual sad but personally edifying death. In that context, the movie American Beauty f acilitates a deep insight into the actual motivations behind the so called modern life and the commensurate human struggle to seek meaning and personal contentment. The movie presents to the viewers the varied existential themes marking the contemporary life through the existential struggle of the central character Lester Burnham, at the same time shedding light on the vacuity and inanity of the individuals and organizations surrounding Lester Burnham. The plot of the movie thereby serves two purposes, one to unravel the absurdity and ludicrousness hidden behind the conformist notions of life, and second the possibility of seeking happiness and fulfillment in the small things marking the human existence. One existential theme that continually pops up while being engaged in the unraveling of the seemingly banal and mundane life of Lester Burnham is that of authenticity. In a quest for personal meaning and goal, the existential struggle engaged into by the central character that is Le ster Burnham, the character is shown to be living Sartre’s notion of authenticity, thereby practically symbolizing the fact that â€Å"authenticity implies the assumption of one’s moral responsibility, the recognition that one has to decide what is good (Schilpp 96).†Through his existential struggle, Lester Burnham actually establishes that authenticity is possible that even while being numbly engaged in an existential struggle, there does is a personal unity of consciousness, a personal capacity to be a proactive

Climate change proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Climate change proposal - Assignment Example Geological Survey (USGS), 2008). This information on sea-level rise (SLR) was likewise corroborated by authors Gillette and Hamilton (2011) whose article disclosed that â€Å"SLR is a major concern for populations living in low-lying coastal regions (about 25% of humans), because it will give rise to inundation (both temporary and permanent flooding), wetland loss, shoreline erosion, and saltwater intrusion into surface freshwater bodies and aquifers, and it will raise water tables† (p. 25). These authors likewise indicated that the number of people to be affected by a uniform one-meter rise in sea level is approximately 145,000,000, where more than 105 million would come from Asia; followed by Europe (approximately 20 million); Latin America, 18 million; Africa, 15 million; North America, 12 million; and Australia, about 5 million (Gillette & Hamilton, 2011). The sea-level rise assessment, shown in Figure 1 below, shows the impact of SLR in identified local areas. In this regard, given the significance of the issue, those people identified to be accurately affected by the SLR should be slowly relocated and resettled to higher areas and locations through integrated efforts of the government agencies. These efforts were deemed â€Å"extremely costly process that could have a negative effect on the economies of many countries† (Gillette & Hamilton, 2011, p. 30); but lives are universally acknowledged as of prime importance and therefore, strategic measures must be instituted at the earliest possible time. Source: USGS map locator— http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/ maplocator/%28ctype=areaDetails&xcm=r3standardpitrex_prd&carea=%24ROOT&layout=6_1_61_75&uiarea=2%29/.do; cited in Gillette & Hamilton, 2011, p. 30 Gillette, B., & Hamilton, C. (2011, March). Flooded! An Investigation of Sea-Level Rise in a Changing Climate. Retrieved May 26, 2012, from www.cresis.ku.edu:

B2B E-Commerce System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B2B E-Commerce System - Essay Example Users connect to the web server and send requests to the DBMS for information retrieval. The application server that sits at the middle tier takes requests from the web server, looks up into the DBMS and then processes the information to be fed back to the web server which is visible to the user through a session with the server. Tomcat, Weblogic, and WebSphere are application servers whereas Internet Information Server (IIS) and Apache are web servers. Out of these Apache and Tomcat are free software and the others are paid. In terms of functionality and performance, all servers are similar - it is the software level configurations and hardware specifications that matter. [Liu, Xue and Heo, Jin et al. 2005] Justification: Given that we are just starting the implementation of E-Commerce, it may be advisable that we first start with two tier architecture and then gradually migrate to three tier architecture if the volume of transactions increases. Moreover, choice of the web & application servers will depend upon the technical compatibility aspects of the E-Business package that we shall select in due course. Support & maintainability will be a primary concern and hence we shall favour the platform that is better supported by vendors in our region. Background: The backe... n of E-Commerce, it may be advisable that we first start with two tier architecture and then gradually migrate to three tier architecture if the volume of transactions increases. Moreover, choice of the web & application servers will depend upon the technical compatibility aspects of the E-Business package that we shall select in due course. Support & maintainability will be a primary concern and hence we shall favour the platform that is better supported by vendors in our region. The report on Database Management Systems Background: The backend tier needs to be a database management system (DBMS) that shall hold all the information & data pertaining to the E-Business application. In this context, an analysis of MySQL, Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server is presented herewith. Detailed Analysis: MySQL is a freeware and the other two are paid DBMS software. I have studied the comparison between Oracle and MySQL from the perspective of main DBMS features - Data Types, Tables, Indexing, views, synonyms, sequences, Data Definition & Modification language, stored procedures, triggers, functions, XML compatibility, transactional capabilities, security, auditing, replication and clustering. Most of the features of Oracle are available in MySQL current versions. However, few critical features, like two way replications, high availability clustering, hot backups, role based security (grouping of users into roles before assigning privileges) and partial rollback (partial backing out of erroneous transactions) are not supported by MySQL. Given that this is an open source software, further releases can always have these features added. However, one aspect should be kept in mind that the engineering behind Oracle DBMS is the result of decades of competency development of Oracle

Reducing the rate CO2 emissions by reducing deforestation in poorer Essay

Reducing the rate CO2 emissions by reducing deforestation in poorer countries. Should richer countries pay poorer countries to stop cutting down trees - Essay Example Hence, the environment faces many stern adverse effects. For instance, there is habitat loss causing numerous species that are dependent on the forests to go extinct. Notwithstanding, there is a massive climate change attributed to the acts of deforestation. Essentially, there is an urgent need for the developed countries to intervene and provide funds for poorer nations to help thwart deforestation. Arguably, reduction of emissions emanating from deforestation and environmental degradation can greatly assist in curbing global warming and climate change. Nevertheless, developing nations are not in a position to avoid deforestation because they depend on agriculture for their food security. The situation leads to a need for more land that is essential for agriculture due to a rapidly growing human population. In return, more forests are in danger since they face an invasion from the farmers. Notably, if the developed nations could intervene, more forests can be saved. In subduing deforestation in poorer countries, developed countries need to come together and establish treaties that would support other food production methods. For instance, the alternative methods of agricultural production are expensive for poorer countries to implement. As such, they resort to cheap and easy methods of land cultivation that requires large tracts leading to increased cutting of trees. Thus, fina ncial support to implement such means of alternative agriculture can save the forests a great deal. Poverty has played a substantial role in the degradation of the environment. Most of the world’s rainforests reside in the poorest countries in the universe. The inhabitants of these poor regions rely on the forest ecosystems for survival. Activities in this context entail collection of wood for fuel, gathering, hunting, and they receive some finances from companies that exploit the forest resources. Similarly, most of the people

Financial Managment Course Project Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Managment Course Project Topic - Essay Example In normative way company can explain what should do for maintain accounts and finance in an accurate way and in positive way company can explain that what they are doing at present for maintain financial records. These theories help to make economic decision in the business. Financial theories provide a set of principles and focus on certain relationships which explain observed practices and these theories are also able to highlight the unobserved practices also. These theories also help to focus on an important factor and that is the procedure which a company is applying to utilize its financial resources (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2010). If all the financial resources are not utilized properly or these resources are not utilized for the purpose of business then the business owner can get information by applying proper financial theories. Financial statements are main parts in any company to maintain the financial and accounting records. These statements are prepared by using rele vant financial theories. Above mentioned reasons are the motivational factors for doing such practices in every organization (Banerjee,

Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response - Assignment Example It integrates natural systems with human patterns and preserve continuity and uniqueness. 2.   Equity  Ã‚  which means equality between gender and income. Their target point is to minimize gender inequality and empower women as well as setting human rights.   Last year’s report was also emphasizing the importance of sustainability, equity and empowerment. However most of the countries that United Nations is helping were not accomplished to promote these indicators mutually at equal level.  The progress has been made this year to analyze how the poor and disadvantaged ones are affected and how important the equity issue as a part of solution. The main goal is to understand the close relation of sustainability and equity in order to get the most out of it for the benefit of human beings.   I think by setting the Millennium Development Goals for the year 2015. United Nation’s Development program will made a huge progress in the key indicators of well being.   F or example Electrifying Afghanistan making progress on micro-hydro-power projects that are bringing much needed electricity to rural parts of the country.  Ã‚  Or a clean water access in Vanutu are some of the examples of sustainability done by United Nations.

Compare and Contrast Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Essay Religion is a great topic to develop and more when you compare and contrast them. Everyone has different views based on their belief. In this essay Im going to compare two basic religions that are still use in today’s society after so many years of development. These religions are buddhism and christianity. Considered to be the two great distinctive religions of the world, both Buddhism Christianity today covers a large section of the world population with numerous similarities and differences. There are huge differences on this religions that outstand all the others. The existence of a personal creator and Lord is denied by Buddhism. However, Christianity believes in a personal creator and each may have a relationship with the creator, Jesus. Buddhism believes the world operates under natural law and power and Christians believe that there is a divine order to the world. Some in Buddhism deify the Buddha and worship other gods as well. Christianity is clear that a personal God exists but He is to be the only object of worship. Buddist believe that through a blowing out of yourself, freeing you from desire, will you break the cycle of reincarnation. Christianity says that a relationship with God through belief in the sacrificial work of Jesus Christ on the cross is what allows people to go to heaven. This only comes when someone completely trusts in what God has done for us in the person of Jesus Christ. There is no such thing in Buddhism as sin against a supreme being. In Christianity sin is ultimately against God and affects man and this world. According to Buddhist belief, the human life is not consider to have much worth, having only temporary existence. Life is understood in such a way in getting rid of all desire (good and bad) and not placing any value on this life on earth and not to believe there is any eternal soul to a person. In Christianity people are of infinite worth, made in the image of God, and will exist eternally. The human body is a hindrance to the Buddhist while to the Christian it is an instrument for glorifying God as well as God will restore the body of those who commit their lives to him so that they can be in his presence forever. Also there are some things in which Buddhism and Christianity are really similar. Lord Buddha based His ethics on the golden rule, which was for the welfare of the human beings. Christianity, Jesus Christ also preached His ethics as per the golden rule, which was for the welfare of His people and easily approachable. Buddha, the founder of Buddhism rejected extreme asceticism and gave an emphasis on self-liberation through knowledge. On the other hand Jesus Christ also rejected extreme asceticism. The worship in Buddhism includes monasticism, ringing of bells, bowing, use of incense and rosary, erection of towers or stupas, prayers and meditation. Similarly, the Christians also follow almost same form of worship Monasticism, Confession, the cult of images, ringing of bells, use of rosary and incense and the erection of towers. The Buddhist doctrine gives an emphasis on love for the entire mankind and every other beings as well, no matter whether the being is a friend or an enemy!. The Christian doctrine is also based on the principle of Love the neighbour like into yourself, which means that love should be showered upon not only your friends, but the entire beings. In conclusion buddhism and christianity like any other religion have their similarities and their own differences.

Different Approaches to the Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

Different Approaches to the Meaning of Life Essay The question what is the meaning of life? is often treated as a paradigmatic head in the clouds sort of philosophical question that more practical people shouldnt have the time for, but its actually a question of tremendous practical importance. Further, it is a question to which most people, even those who claim to have no interest in such questions, answer implicitly with the lives they chose to lead. So if you don’t want to bother with such questions, and just want to enjoy yourself, you are effectively saying that enjoyment is the ultimate point of human life. If you spend your life pursuing one of, say, money, power, pleasure, or religious understanding, then you implicitly commit yourself to such organizing principles representing what is really important in life. The choices we make in our lives are often governed by such implicit conceptions of what is most important to us, and while it may be that, say, being happy is the most important thing, it may take a certain amount of reflection on these larger questions to become clear about this. Some might think that thinking about questions like the meaning of life is itself the most important thing for us to do, but even if we don’t, we can still see that it is very important to spend at least some time doing, since such organizing principles are too important for us to accept without reflecting on them at all. Further, if there really is a point or meaning to our lives, and we live our lives according to a different principle (say if we live for enjoyment when serving God is the real purpose of life, or (conversely) if we spend our lives in prayer when enjoying life is its real purpose) then we may have literally wasted our lives. Since that is something we shouldnt want to do, it seems that, if life does have a purpose, we would do well to know what it is. On the other hand, if life doesnt have a purpose, it might be good to know that rather than spending it serving some illusory ideal, though this latter point is more controversial. If life did have no meaning, and there was no point to anything we did, then it might seem better not to investigate this topic at all, since looking in to it would only cause us distress. (Though if life really were meaningless, the fact that we were so distressed would not really matter. ) 2. Four Approaches to the question of life’s meaning. While the authors covered in the class give many varied answers to the question of what the meaning of life is, and some dont give a clear answer to it at all, they all fall into one of four groups when it comes to thinking about that kind of answer the questions should have. That is to say, there are four different approaches to the question: What is it that determines the meaning of our lives? 1 I. Radical Objectivists. This first group (which includes Plato, Epictetus, Schopenhauer, as well as James and Tolstoy in their post-crisis periods) take what really matters to be determined by factors that are completely independent of us (be it God, Reason, Nature, the Form of the Good or just the way things are). Its our responsibility to live up to these standards, but there is no sense in which these standards come from us. (Schopenhauer, while he denies that God exists, has a touch of this when he insists that a life of intellect just is objectively better (and not just happier) than a life of passion and willing). This might, of course, seem to make lifes purpose too remote from our actual lives, which might lead one to become one of the II. Theorists of Human Nature In this second group we can include Aristotle, Marx and Epicurus. Like the radical objectivists they take the purpose of life to be something given, that is, its an objective fact that we arent at liberty to change, but unlike the radical objectivists, they think that this fact is grounded in objective facts about our own natures. Our shared human nature is what determines what is the best life for all of us. Still, it may be hard to defend this sort of view unless one were already a radical objectivist, since without such an overarching framework, its much harder to think of humans as having a such a fixed essence or nature, which might lead one to become one of the III. Constructivists This third group (which includes Nietzsche, Sartre, Hare, and Nagel (from his more subjective perspective)) ground the purpose of our lives in our own drives, desires and wants. However, unlike the theorists of human nature, they dont take such drives to be objective in the sense of being independent of our attitudes towards them. For these philosophers, the drives etc. that ground the purpose of our lives can change, and are (to a certain extent) under our (not always conscious) control. Because of this, the meanings of our lives, such as they are, are things that we make. Unfortunately, one might doubt that transient creatures like ourselves are up to the task of making such meanings, in which case one might become one of the IV. Nihilists This last group (which includes Camus, Nagel (from his more objective perspective) and James Tolstoy (when they were in crisis mode)) agree with the constructivists that there are no objective facts which could determine a purpose to our lives, but also believe that something as ephemeral as our passing desires and drives is not enough to make a life really meaningful. Consequently, in the absence of any objective meaning, life must ultimately have no meaning at all, and there is, ultimately, no ‘point’ in doing anything. This final spot is not a happy one to be in, and its perhaps not surprising that James and Tolstoy both bounce from #4 back to #1 when the prospect of living with #4 becomes too bleak. Still, while it can seem natural to slip from 1 to 2, from 2 to 3 and from 3 to 4, and 4 to despair, lots of people have argued that the slide can be stopped at various points along the way. 1 As a result, every point on the spectrum has it supporters, though no position on it seems completely stable, which is why the question will probably always continue to be debated. 1 H a r e , f o r in s ta n c e , c a n b e u n d e r s to o d a s a r g u in g th a t th e th r o u g h th a t 3 le a d s to 4 c o m e s f r o m a c o n f u s io n a b o u t w h a t it is to m a tte r .

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay GENERAL INTRODUCTION PROS AND CONS There are both positive and negative effects resulting from tourism.Positively it creates employment and economically enables the conservation of valuable space;restrains a migratory tendency within the home population improving their socio-cultural education.It encourages support of local commercialisation resulting in the free interchange of ideas,customs and sensitization of issues concerning the eco-environment.The reduction of working hours,the ever present threat of unemployment because of technological advancement and the globalisation process enables the tourism industry to provide an interesting and stimulating intensive alternative. Just as significant are the effects of the rising cost of natural resources,water,energy.The spoiling of landscapes with land reclamation;rising levels of waste disposal;alterations to ecosystems;the extinction of rare species of animals and plants;the loss of traditional values and rising levels of prostitution,that is sex tourism.There is the narcotics trade,forest fires,together with the rising cost of housing. There are rising levels of carbon dioxide and other contaminating gases from increasing frequencies of airflights with ozone erosion and acid rain.All kinds of ecosystems are becoming affected.Thailand is littered with golf courses that consume large amounts of pesticides and water.There is hardly anywhere in the world not affected by tourism impact .Tourism is an aspect of globalisation most sensitive to any repercussion.In the eastern region of Spain for example,Benidorm has a great concentration of hotels,accommodating nearly half a million tourists in August within an area of little more than 12 kilometres.There is also a large proportion of the population of many countries who do not participate in tourist flows but who nevertheless will become part of such flows with the emergence of new markets in Latin-America and Asia. NEGATIVE IMPACT AND DIVERSIFICATION There is no one clearly acknowledged method of analysing the impacts of tourism and there are a number of different criteria for its measurement.Most studies are able to display the benefits generated and contributive to the balance of payments and deployed income supplied by the government.Yet few have included the analysis of negative effects.Negative economic impact has an effect on the local scale with destinations suffering economically when dependent on tourism.Diversification if applied to the local economy is able to positively reverse such consequences with the development of tourist goods and services replacing the previous gains from traditional activities.Yet there is fragility, with instability ever present due to alteration of tourist routes,ineffective publicity,and influence from ever changing tourist fashions in response to seasonal variation of production.An inflationary spiral frequently develops.This inflationary aspect is sublimative with prices and taxes affecti ng the local population.It has no regard for anything existant before and it becomes patently obvious in the escalation of food prices and that of goods etc.Those who are directly involved in the industry experience improved benefit but not the local population. There occurs disruption of traditional productive sectors of capital destinations within areas of tourist development.Foreign capital is not limited to a local effect as it leaves the receiving country thereby contributing to a loss of currency.Some authorities assert that for the long term,low potential productivity from a tourist company has a depressive effect on local economic growth. Possible inflation may occur from tourist activity,the purchasing potential being greater than that of the resident population therefore leading to escalating prices for food and services.There is loss of potential economic benefits with a high dependency on foreign capital.resulting in distortion of the local economy.Concentration of econo mic activity becomes channeled into one type of activity,with a resultant fluctuating impact upon the level of employment. FURTHER FACTORS It appears that tourism development within a country relates to an assumption of economic gain.Only tourism management with its application of various methods and principals can determine whether any economical gain will outweight the cost factor.There are staffing costs,overheads and utilities to take into account.The decision to reduce costs to a minimum might involve improved staffing rotas,and energy saving programmes. FURTHER POSITIVES There can be a number of positive impacts of tourism such as contributing towards a favourable balance of payments,facilitated competition with foreign banking,provision of input to the GNP(Gross National Product) and the spending multiplier.Also there are job creation opportunities and increased revenues for the government from direct taxation.There are negative impacts including costs for infrastructure development;and the over-dependence of the destination on tourists;also the aspect of low skilled work. It seems clear there is a simple principle involved here, namely that of minimising costs and maximising profits.High leakage is most likely to occur with multi national enterprises,where there is the need to promote tourism.In order to do so there has to be importation of food and beverages and capital technology accompanied by repatriation of staff. A capital outflow occurs as a result of capital investment for infrastructure from the host government. It may be argued that with restriction/control of such multi national enterprises there will be reduced capital outflow,reduced repatriation,together with switching on of a multiplier effect stimulating more spending by the tourists in the local economy.Again debatable,there is the hiring of as many local residents as possible for staff,ensuring proper salary levels with provision of training to support promotion opportunities.With the resulting reduction of staff repatriation there will occur an increase in the levels of local staff remuneration and immediately contributing to a multiplier effect with the possibility of enhancing the destinations socio-cultural aspect.Economic choice should be accompanied by preferential influence and guidance With the diminishment of seasonality there is a need for professional marketing expertise at destinations to increase the average length of stay,the daily expenditure per head .Yet very searching evaluation is required here for such actions, while producing economic be nefits which may in fact harm the environmental,socio-cultural aspects of the destination causing indirect costs. POSITIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS Social impacts again consist of both positive and negative effects.Positively there is the recovery and conservation of cultural values that but for the visiting tourists would have disappeared.Funds as a result are made available for preservation of artefacts and restoration of forgotten historical monuments.Local communities would be unable to provide such resources.Various tactics are applied in such privileged places of tourist interest.Many local customs have been revitalized and tourist resources are being made available for the reappearance of folklore,festivals,craft pursuits and gastronomy.There has occurred marked improvement in facilities and services such as sanitary,modes of transport,parks etc. NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS Nevertheless again negative impacts exist.The immediate negative factor is that of the social disparities between the indigenous population and that of the visitors.For some destinations essentially those to be found in the underprivileged countries there is a kind of imperialistic relationship with the inhabitants becoming servants of the tourists.Inevitably there arises social tension and resentment.A new kind of colonialism appears with dependency upon the foreign currency.Outside workers with better qualifications obtain the contracts.With such clear indications of the socio-economic differences the negative impact takes effect.Gaming,increasing prostitution and drugs make their appearance where previously they had not existed.Tourist arrivals are therefore linked to such manifestations.Loss of culturization occurs as a result of such negative impacts.The local population observes the tourists and then seeks to adapt to their customs paving the way for the destruction and disappe arance of the very thing that the tourists originally arrived for. DOXEYS IRRIDEX MODEL The socio-cultural effect therefore becomes measurable with reference to the crime rate .A management method used to measure the level of socio-cultural impact is Doxeys Irridex Model.The model has a four stage process wherein there are diminishing returns in the local inhabitants attitude towards the visitors.Firstly there is the exploration stage where contact between both parties is of frequent occurrence and here the attitude is referred to as euphoria.There is a welcoming of contact with the outside world and there is the possibility of supplementing the household income as a result of such inflow.With increasing tourist arrivals there occurs diminishing contact with the early arrivals.The tourists become part of everyday business concerns that transforms the initial attitude into one that seeks contact and liaison for personal gain.Those residents of such a destination develop an apathetic attitude to such matters. A further development of the model presents annoyance.The significant inflow of tourism disrupts everyday life with developing queues experienced in the local shops,traffic jams.Local business accommodates to souvenir promotion emanating a sense of alienation to the local population.A subtle inbalance is occurring subconsciously activating antagonism towards the tourists.There is a loss of control within the community because they have now become dependent upon such tourist inflows.Destination facilities as a result of increasing volume deteriorate and contribute to the attraction of a down-market visitor.The tourists now become the focus of blame for such developments.The increasing deterioration in attitude becomes a mirror of reflection and comparison of the effect of such tourism influx. TOURISM AND DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT The tourism impact to the environment is the most negative aspect.Wholesale damage has been caused to large areas that will be very difficult indeed to reclaim.Tourism,tourist activity as a phenomenon of mass flows requires substantial infrastructure supported by intricate service networks.Careful planning has not always been applied with a resulting deterioration of the natural and social environments.There has been a transformation of infected zones with the destruction of ecosystems;diminution in the quality and quantity of water;soil contamination;the extinction of many species of fauna;severe infection of flora,fishing depletion and the contamination of the sea. Destruction of ecosystems arises with a massive presence of visitors.Originally the mass influx promised a get-rich-quick attitude.Those destinations with an image of a tourist paradise have become victims to ecosystem destruction.Natural clean water has been severly affected and reduced with tourist arrivals.In many instances the amount of tourists arriving has been unsustainable to local resources.The many many golf courses and residential swimming pools all affect agricultural development and the zonal ecological balance. Soil contamination arises in many instances with substances derived from human activity that alter the chemical environment and reduces crop yield. Many species of fauna are becoming extinct;tree populations are becoming severely depleted;there is unregulated city-planning,and uncontrolled hunting presenting an overwhelming danger to an increasing number of species.The mighty oceans yield of fish is becoming seriously affected.Population along the coasts has mushroomed together with second residences.To prevent an ecological disaster careful and superior planning is necessary;beyond local expertise.An overwhelming presence in the natural zones is affecting/impacting the flora in the same way.The presence of tourists in natural zones with a deluge of sporting activity such as motorbikes,mountain bikes,all land vehicles causes severe erosion of surface land inevitably affecting the flora. PROSPECTIVE SOLUTIONS Are there solutions to such problems? Or is tourism an impact generator advancing to disaster? A global entity that is attaching attention to such problems and attempting to fulfil objectives for a sustainable tourism is the European Union.The EU with its agenda 21 has invited the local administrations to act.It recommends the following:Promotion of local production,offering ecological foods of the region containing no additives.Reduction of waste garbage and separation of the various categories for possible recycling.Usage of various technologies to save water.Purification of residual waters for irrigation and agriculture.The saving of energy with efficient washing machines,heat insulation.Respecting the environment and landscape.Promotion of public transport and bicycling.Establishment of pedestrian zones in areas of historic value.The promotion of local tourism and the support to reduce air schedules of the flight industry thereby reducing carbon emissions.Planning to facilitate contact between the visiting tourists and the local inhabitants but to deter the formation of an y tourism ghettos.Planning to benefit all the local population. MAXIMIZE AND MINIMIZE All the factors noted above seem to suggest that the main aims concerning tourism management strategy are to maximise economic,environmental and socio-cultural benefits but to minimise associated costs. The physical and cultural environments comprise the essential attractions for the visiting tourist to the destination.It is the responsibility of tourism management to minimize environmental damage so ensuring future business.There are a number of methods that may be applied to diminish environmental impacts.Energy saving measures eg light bulbs,toilet flushes,cleaning detergents that are environmentally friendly.The limiting of visas thereby reducing immediately the number of visitors.Educational programmes of awareness both for the visiting tourists and the locals.An increase in profit may result with the reduction of costs,applied to utilities. Even if the limitation of visas does significantly affect profit it may be considered a better option so that there is still existent the possibility of future gains with the preservation of the destinations natural resources that are there to attract the tourists in the first place. TO CONCLUDE;;one of the main ingredients for success of environmental policies is government involvement itself.Again it may be arguable there should be laws on land usage and the extent of building construction for the destination with the necessary infrastructure being installed to meet anticipated volume of tourist flow together with protection of natural heritages. Tourism management methods applied to assist in maximizing positives and minimising negatives of impact for the socio-culture consist of educating about tourism;promotion of cross-cultural exchange;imposition of visitor codes;ensuring that locals have access to cultural facilities;preservation of local architecture;maintenance of authenticity;providing for the more sensitive cultural tourist with appropriate marketing;limitation of tourist numbers. One principal that has gained attention is the carrying capacity assessment.It may be used to control and implement frontline sustainable tourism.There is a variety of applications such as the determination of a tourism development limit for a particular place and the limitation of actual visitor numbers. Hopefully it attempts to achieve sustainable tourism development as a working reality.It has not met with the anticipated success because of unrealistic expectations,faulty assumptions and misplaced value judgment with an inadequate legal support system. It perhaps has become clear to the reader that tourism management should not function alone in these matters,but work together with local government and public bodies.Legal implementation is a central issue because if there is to be a restriction of visas for example there has to be assistance from such a quarter.Success breeds success and so tourism management and government will hum the same tune. The methods referred to above all have the same principal;that of protection for the host destination rather than a focus upon tourism demand.Obviously the demand has to be considered but it is the design of the tourist product that should be the main focus.Application of such principals referred to in the foregoing discussion will hopefully result in sustainable tourism for the future.

Shakespeare Movie Reviews :: essays research papers

True love, can be a fantasy come true or you worst nightmare in my perspective, for love is a strong word and its used to frequently, but in the three movies I have observed you find yourself truly believing in love and in my opinion, True love is out there, and if your lucky you will meet the right person, the man or woman of your dreams. The three movies I picked are Shakespearean plays, Romeo and Juliet, the modern movie made in 1996, Othello which is also a known classic, tragic love story, where two people truly loved each other and tired to make it work, but had many obstacles to overcome, with family and race. What is true love? Love means a warm liking or affection for a person, affectionate devotion. Does the way Romeo describe Juliet sound like love to you? In my opinion love does not occur at first sight, it is something that you need to work towards. This Shakespeare play is a classic made into a modern gang bang performance, with knifes not daggers, exceptionally ensemble cars, and different attitudes and clothing. The cast of Romeo and Juliet, in the recent movie made in 1996, The tale of Romeo & Juliet is about the happenings of two forbidden lovers. Their families The Montagues and The Capulets share an ancient grudge, and now it has broken to a new mutiny. The Capulets only daughter Juliet meets the Montagues only son Romeo at a costume ball held at the Capulet mansion. They experience love at first sight, each falling desperately in love as they see the other through an amazing fishtank. Their love is so strong that they are married the next day, keeping everything secret from their parents. Juliet's cousin Tybalt is angry at Romeo for being present at the Capulet ball, and he sets out to challenge Romeo to a duel. He meets up with Romeo just after Romeo and Juliet's marriage and in the effort to get Romeo to fight him(Romeo refuses to fight, Romeo's best friend Mercutio is killed. Romeo wreaks revenge and in a sudden fit of anger kills Tybalt. He's banished from Verona walls and before go ing to hideout in Mantua he spends the night with his love and wife, Juliet. The following morning Romeo travels to Mantua to wait for things to settle down before he returns to Verona.

Thomas Cole Essay -- essays research papers fc

THOMAS COLE Landscape painting was extremely important during the middle of the nineteenth century. One of the leading practitioners of landscape painters in America was Thomas Cole. He visited many places seeking the â€Å"natural† world to which he might utilize his direct observations to convey the untainted nature by man to his audience. His works resolved to find goodness in American land and to help Americans take pride in their unique geological features created by God. Thomas Cole inspired many with his brilliant works by offering satisfaction to those seeking the â€Å"truth† (realism) through the works of others. Thomas Cole was born on February 1, 1801 in Bolton, Lancashire, England. Due to financial problems his family endured, Cole, at the ripe old age of just fourteen, had to find work to assist with the family needs. He entered the work force as a textile printer and wood engraver in Philadelphia. In 1819, Cole returned to Ohio where his parents resided. Here, a portrait painter by the name of Stein, would become Cole’s primary teaching vehicle and inspiration for his oil techniques we’ve come to be familiar with. During this time, Cole was extremely impressed by what he saw in the landscapes of the New World and how different they were from the small town of England from whence he hailed. Self taught, art came naturally to Cole. One day Cole set out to observe nature and it’s wilderness. He began painting pictures by first making oil sketches of American rocks, trees, sunsets, plants, animals, as well as distant Indians. From these sketches he formed several paintings. Most famous for his allegorical collection called the â€Å"The Course of Empire† and is well-known for his Landscape paintings, â€Å"The Oxbow,† â€Å"The Woodchopper,† and â€Å"The Clove, Catskills.† In January of 1826, Cole had become to be known for founding the National Academy of Design. During this time, many would comission him to paint pictures of American scenery, but his primary desire and goal, he says, was to create a â€Å"higher style of landscape that would express moral or religious tones.† In 1836, Cole married Maria Barstow and settled in Catskill, New York. Catskill would obviously become the inspiration for his piece, â€Å"Catskill Mountains and the Hudson River†. From these paintings he influenced many other artists. Among these artists were Frederick Edwin Church and Albert Bierstadt. ... ...s Cole did an excellent job in portraying realism in his paintings. He helped America vision a society with possibilities, opportunities, and abundance of resources. Not only did Cole inspire the nation; he also influenced many artists who are now heading Cole’s way. Cole was a brilliant man of great intelligence who stole the hearts of many. In an article written by William Church Bryant, Bryant explains, â€Å"We might dream in his funeral oration on Cole, that the conscious valleys miss his accustomed visits and that autumnal glories of the woods are paler because of his departure.† Cole died on February 11, 1848 due to an illness and was remembered by many whom he helped to see the true vision of America. Bibliography Works Cited: Harvey, Eleanor Jones. The Painted Sketch: American Impressions From Nature 1830-1880. Dallas: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998. Lucie-Smith, Edward. American Realism. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Rev. ed. Vol. 2. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995. 973-974. Yaeger, Bert D. The Hudson River School: American Landscape Artists. New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1996.

Globalization and Dubai’s Tourism Industry Essays -- Dubai’s Tourism In

Dubai is one of the seven Emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. Dubai is located in a south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula with the largest population of 2.2 million, 15% being Emiratis and 65% south Asians. Over the decades, Dubai has shown unbelievable growth, from a small fishing town to one of the most iconic cities in the world. The growth has been based on the oil discoveries and revenue it created. (Mazza, n.d.)In the past half century, Dubai’s economy was based on fishing, pearl diving, date farming, camel rearing and sea trade. By the turn of the 20th century, Dubai was a well-off port to attract settlers from Iran and India. This resulted to a large Indian population that settled in Dubai and was particularly active in the shops. This cosmopolitan atmosphere and air of tolerance began to attract other foreigners. This paper aims to investigate ways which Dubai have used to attract globalization and develop their tourism industry. Dubai put tourism at the core of its economic development plans in order to diversify and strengthen its economy, while decreasing its dependency on fluctuating oil prices (Sharpley 2008). The plans have been successful; in 2007, non-oil revenues contributed to 63% of GDP, with Dubai contributing 29%, to the UAE’s total GDP. What is more surprising is that due to Dubai’s push to use tourism to diversify its economy, Dubai contributes over 80% of the non-oil related GDP in the UAE. Dubai is now considered one of the top tourist destinations in the world. In 2011, Dubai’s top tourist source markets outside the UAE were Saudi Arabia, India, UK, Iran, and the US. Tourism in Dubai Tourism in Dubai is an important part of the Dubai government's strategy to uphold the movem... ...trips and tourism packages, all contribute to the continuous growth of tourism industry. Tourism has also had both positive and negative impacts on Dubai. It has boosted Dubai’s economy but has brought negative impacts. The negatives are mainly cultural dilution and poor working conditions for the informal sector workers. Works Cited Brook, D. (2013). How Dubai Became Dubai. A History of Future Cities. Marketing, D. D. (2012). Dubai for Tourism . Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Mazza, G. C. (n.d.). Development of Tourism in Dubai. Retrieved 02 25, 2014, from Gastronomy and Global cities: http://laudergastronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Development-of-Tourism-in-Dubai_Grace-Chang-Mazza.pdf Sharpey, R. (2008). Tourism and hospitality Planning and Development. In R. Sharpley, & R. Sharpley, Planning for tourism: the case of Dubai (pp. 13-30).

Hip-Hop/Real Rap

Nayeli Munoz 01/15/13 Rap Most people are unfortunately misled as to what is rap music. Many people seem to have only heard commercial rap; commercial rap is â€Å"gangster rap†. Most of the commercial rap songs talk about getting money, gang banging, and some kind of explicit love or sex. Two examples of commercial rappers are â€Å"50 Cent† and â€Å"Soulja Boy†. True rappers have some kind of poetic flow. Real rap has a deep and meaningful topic, it is like poetry but with more emotion. â€Å"Tupac† and â€Å"Snoop Dogg† are two great examples of real rappers.A positive influence that rap has on today's youth is that it shows us what is going on in the real world; however, rap music can influence youth to be very violent. Another negative about rap is that it is very degrading towards young women. Through their music rap artist show a realistic picture of what is going on around them and how hard it was growing up in poverty. An example of this i s when â€Å"Tupac†, a famous rapper, in his song â€Å"Thug Mansion† says â€Å"picture me inside the misery of poverty, no man alive has ever witness struggles I survived†.Later on in the same song he continues with â€Å"seen the politicians ban us, they'd rather see us locked in chains, please explain why they cant stand us†. This song is reflects the issues of discrimination toward African American by the government. Rap has opened our eyes to show us the circumstances of poverty, drug use, violence, and how easy they can access guns. Rapper â€Å"Too Short† raps about the importance of staying in school and getting a good job.Rap influences youth to be very violent; in â€Å"Big Pun† song â€Å"Brave in the heart† he says, † I'm from where the guns love to introduce they self. Reduce your health little bulletproofs get felt. The street's a trip; either you deep or you sleep with the fish†. This song tries to tell us that we need to use violence in order to survive, this influences youth to believing that they do have to use violence and therefore they start being violent. Some rappers include new drugs that have not been very popular in their lyrics and when youth listen to it they get urious about the drug and want to learn about it and try it. Violent lyrics can influence youth to start fights or even kill people for what they want. Women in rap videos are usually degraded. Very often young women are laid out as sex tools or sex slaves. They are displayed with not much clothes on and they use their bodies to acquire material objects. Young women are exposed to these abominable videos and it can affect their health, their self-esteem can lower and they may think of themselves as useless and worthless.Research shows that many of the young women who listen and watch rap think that they cannot be successful without using their bodies. It is clear that rap can extremely influence today's youth bot h positive and negative ways; however, the negative effects are much larger than the positive effects. It is up to us to decide if rap is going to affect us in a positive or in a negative way. Bibliography: Sid Kirchheimer,(March 3, 2010). Does rap put teens at risk. WebMD. (Online)

The Comedy in Chivalry

Jordynn Barnes April 16, 2013 The comedy in Chivalry The historical adulteration of valorousness in jade Quixote by Cervantes ties in to its literary parody. arrogate Quixote parodies the anticipation of fearless affection lone knights had lost their legions essence. The dominant classes still served the ideology of valorousness. The detriment chivalry can be bind into the War of the Alpujarras. The knights, the caballeros de cuantia, were obligated to keep their dollar cavalry and armor ready for serving the king, scarcely slowly and shamefully they were unprep bed.The knights individual language of knightly profit represents the parody realism of chivalry as foolish as Don Quixote could conceive of about. Also, The knights materialistic expression and desire of self-interest represented the fibre Sancho Panza. Don Quixote has read about past romance and he seek to replicate the knights-errant. This is comical, because he had such a since of mission. These knights that he was trying to imitate were so outlying(prenominal) from being chivalric, heretofore he suasion otherwise.The armor that the knights employ to wear was for armed services purposes, but while going on his missions finished La Mancha, he make sure to have his armor on. This was funny to the La Mancha towns hatful, because wearable armor did not necessarily sloshed that knight was chivalric. Chivalry was long dead, and people solo knew of it through books it was not a pr travelice they were used to. Don Quixote seek to bring back this practice, and this draws attention to the intermezzo between social hierarchy and the principles that it sustained. This business relationship of Don Quixote is a burlesque desperate of the chivalry romance.Cervantes tried to teach the readers the serious-mindedness by creating a ridiculous comedy my mocking and ridiculing the time period. Cervantes first shows how the lifters noble knightly trend is old fashioned. The comedy is ea sy to understand, because the kinetics of the story are simple. Don Quixote tries to act out what he has read in the stories, for example, he lets prostitutes pamper him, because he says that they are princesses. In chapter three, he lets the innkeeper justly knight him, because he has not yet been knighted yet.Don Quixote thought that it was a knights duty to protect the citizens, so other comical scene in the story is when Don Quixote tries to save a male child from being spoilen from his master. Don Quixote tried to revolve the conflict, and he felt well-provided when he rode off on his horse but little did he complete is that the master beat the worker son even worse after Don Quixote had left. We can define comedy as something that entertains the reader and that makes us want to gag out loud and Cervantes succeeds in doing this through his use of parody and satire and burlesque, slapstick and simple self-reflexive comedy. Along with the comedy, Cervantes uses adventure s and shock through Don Quixotes character to foster entertain. Don Quixote had intervals of lucidity and importees of insanity. A moment of insanity is when he used the ships galley slaves to help fight off the guards so that he could reach his princess. Don Quixote freed the galley slaves, and in return the galley slaves beat Don Quixote, and left him. Cervantes places particular stress on the comedy of appearance, comedy of positioning and the comedy of action during Don Quixotes adventures and it is the use of these devices that makes the story so facetious from beginning to end. The theme of appearance is used to show the burlesque role of chivalry in the story. The material appearance of Don Quixote and his horse Rocinante, as well as Don Quixotes vision on the banal places he stumbles upon proceeded to generate the unveiling for laughter. The fact that Don Quixote had used unlifelike as a visor showed in itself the humor from the description of his appearance. Not on ly did he use cardboard, he held his helmet together by green ribbons, and when the innkeeper had asked him to maintain his helmet off he said no, because taking it off would make the helmet fall apart.

Managing Individual Performance Essay

AbstractThis paper depart establish how managing idiosyncratic executing restrain affected my person-to-person and pro development. It will also briefly identify and argue several written wreaks on Maslows pecking order of need as thoroughly as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Also this paper will discuss my experience through the Managing Individual Performance dear example and results advancement.Managing Individual PerformanceA good managing director can motivate employees and equ altogethery to go the typeicular(a) mile, and complete the unachievable, despite their jumpations. As a drawing card and manager of mass, it pays to understand what is Copernican to for distri simplyively one police squad member. Understanding pauperization helps me to put my emotions and actions in perspective. coeval indigenceal theories recommend that managers should realize undivided differences, evaluating needfully correctly and addressing these through the right interve ntions. Criteria a aggroup leader use when selecting members of a group aggroup up leaders or managers must ensure that the groups and their projects pick up the might to survive. To maintain the teams viability, I implyd the pursuit elements proper membership, interpersonal skills, each member should be a contri entirelyor, a open select or purpose, achievable, noticeable results, understand and agreed-upon prove rules, and intensive teambuilding up front.The changes needed to improve team tellingness across the organization do not involve individual teams, but rather the systems that body forth them. These systems include the following organizational structure,motivation, promotion and performance appraisal criteria, and compensation. In addition, Jeff Cowell and Jerry Michaelson (2000), recommend in selecting team members, and prepargon a draft charter (p11). It is rattling important to prepargon a draft charter where you can briefly describe the teams purpose, and y ou can see candidates interest.Team woof in the simulationI selected the team in the following ordinate first, Michelle Levy for the build case files position, because she is a natural problem solver with good communicating skills, and an investigative nature of collecting facts. My second choice was Lisa Srafford holding the moderate self-help groups. She has conflict management skills, ability to facilitate groups meeting and very patient in stressful situations. My third endurance was Tony Wu to perform follow-ups.Tony has capacitance to interpret reported data, good observation skills, and his bachelors in business make him more capable in accounting for external factors. My hold up team member, Daniel Nichols, trainer with lie withledge and domineering attitude, was selected to supervise confrontation sessions. His dominate in Business Administration (MBA), prep bed him to have good communication skills, excellent conflict management, and with his whole near spirit made him capable of build uncouth respect, discipline, and motivation to victims while handling sensitive personal issues.Factors I need to consider in order manage my team effectivelyThere are many factors in order to manage a team effectively. McShane-Von Glinow (2002) gives us six of the important elements refund systems, communication systems, physical space, organizational environs, organizational structure, and lead (p232). Reward systems indicate that slew tend to achievement more effectively when they are partly geted for their performance. parley systems, maintain valuable information and feedback between team members. Physical space, with a good layout will improve communication between team members. organizational environment and structure, where team members have secure resources for their performance. Last but not least, the most important factor is leadership to maintain the ongoing support from all executives to impart the right coaching,motivation, and al l elements mentioned.Individuals personality play a role in the teams successKreitner (2003) describe personality as the relatively stable pattern of behaviors and consistent inherent states that explain a persons behavioral tendencies (p84). Personality has both internal which represent the thoughts, values, and inheritable characteristics, and external elements are the observable behaviors. Also personality has recover credibility in organizations in the last years, the reason is that some personality habits predict some work-related behaviors and emotions under certain conditions, and stress reactions. Besides individual personality play a role in the teams success because this help people find the occupancys that best suit them and their companys unavoidably. Personality preference in the MBTI assessment and how this may affect the way an employee carries his or her lying-ins.Depending on the job description, you can find personality preference in the Myers-Briggs Type I ndicator (MBTI). We have 16 unadorned types. Some job description prefer ISFJs people with a high sense of duty, other(a)s prefer ENTJs because they are considered natural leaders. For example, corporate executives tend to be ESTJs, inwardness that they are more extroverted, sensing, thinking and judging types, and so on. These types indicate a persons preference. only of this may affect the way an employee carries his or her tasks because these types do not indicate the way he or she behaves all the cadence. I think that these indicators can limit the creativity and decision making besides passing good people to perform a particularised job in determinate area. Maslows pecking order of Needs, how it affects motivation and my team choice.McShane-Von Glinow (2002), described Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as a content motivation theory of five instinctive needs logical in a hierarchy, whereby people are do to fulfill a higher need as a lower one belongs gratified(p133). From t he piece of ass those are physiological, safety, belongingness, self-esteem, and the top is self-actualization. People have incompatible levels of motivation, and they may fit one of those levels. As a leader you have to measure the needs of each member of your team, becausewhen you have to motivate or reward them, you can select the wrong level. According to Maslow the last-place needs are initially most important, but higher need become more important as the lower ones are satisfied. Maslows precedent may not predict employee needs as well as scholars initially expected.Team selection and how that falls on Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsDuring the simulation, I selected the best people for the different positions. It was an 8 months project. I had my first situation during the second month. I failed at motivating one of my team members, bragging(a) me the wrong results. The same situation was present in month 4 with other team members. after I buy uped the simulation and learn mor e about my team members needs, I overcame those situations successfully. Team selection performance, expectations andfactors in selecting strategies to motivate my teamMoney and other financial rewards are a fundamental part of the employment relationship. Also public recognition, awards, and membership will help employees to have better performance. It is important to know the different levels of needs mentioned before. You have to know what attractive of an employee need have in that moment. Some of the factors include task performance, competencies, job status and seniority. Results improvement after running the simulation againI repeat the simulation three condemnations, and definitely each time my results improved significantly. My weakness was motivating my team members with the wrong reward, giving as a result to the reduction in the team performance.Application of the lesson learned at my workplace barter design involves assigning task to a job and distributing work thro ughout the organization. Job specialization, which subdivides work into separate jobs for different people, annex work efficiency because employees achieve the tasks quickly, less training, and matching more closely with the jobs best suited to their skills. Although, reduce stress, problems, increase product or service quality, and decrease costs. leadership is the process of influencing oneself to establish the right direction andmotivation needed to perform a task. Also I have to include personal goal setting, inferential thought, design the right rewards, self-monitoring, and self-reinforcement. Better knowledge of the needs of each team members will help leaders to make the right decisions without affecting the individual performance. leading require a process of observation, reflection, and evaluation. It necessitates that we take time periodically to think about what has happened. Were there conflicts? How were they handled? What has gone well and why has it? What has not gone well and why? Could we have done better? to the highest degree importantly, we must develop the skill of asking ourselves what move we can take to be more effective either in our current team or as a member of future teams.As I said in the beginning, a good manager motivates people to achieve the impossible without limitations. This become possible only with a clear accord of each individual needs with the help of all motivational theories recommended. This understanding is implemented though optimum intervention. Also evaluating needs correctly and addressing these though are the right interventions.ReferencesBagraim, J. (2001). Organizational psychology and workplace verify the instrumentality ofCorporate culture. South African ledger of Psychology Sep2001, Vol.31, Issue 3 p43. Bower, M. (2003). Company philosophy the way we do things around here McKinsey quarterly 2003 Issue 2, p110, 8p.3c. University of Phoenix Special Edition Series. Cowell, J., Michaelson, J. (2000 ). perfect Teams. Executive Excellence, 17(3), 11.University of Phoenix Special Edition Series Kreitner, R. (2003). Organizational Behavior, Sixth Edition. new-fashioned York McGraw-Hill McShane-Von, G. (2003). Organizational Behavior, Second Edition. New York McGraw-Hill

Chapter 30 The Pensieve

The entrance of the chest of drawers eliminateed.Hello, Potter, verbalize sullen. practise in, beca consumptiin champion case. chafe draw inported inwardly. He had been in accessions Dumb guideores role f alto lodgeherible erst onwards it was a genuinely beautiful, beak g perpetuallyy postal servicenment agency, lined with pictures of antecedent copingmasters and gaffermistresses of Hogwarts, comp permitely of whom were unfluctuating asleep, their chests salary increase and travel gently.Cornelius counterfeit was c at maven periodntrate up(a) be locating Dumbledores desk, eroding his public patterned c invariablyy stance and retentivity his lime-green plug hat hat. ravage verbalise prune gumption jovi tot solelyyy, pathetic ship. How ar you?Fine, annoy lied.We were dear public lecture roughly the shadow when Mr. lower unriv exclusivelyedself turned-key up on the causal agent, enjoin muddle. It was you who be him, was it non?Yes, express waste. whence, stage at it was sense s melli tidingsant to micturate that he hadnt oer perceive what they had been figureing, he make fored, I didnt go cross r permit unitarys Madame Maxime whole(a)w hither(predicate), though, and shed adjudge a barter hiding, wouldnt she?Dumbledore smiled at chevvy derriere Fudges rachis, his warmheartednessb exclusively twinkling.Yes, whole well-nigh, publish Fudge, cut cross trendsing embarrassed, were close to to go for a piffling walk on the g assaults, chivvy, if youll alibi us get lowance if you practiced go chthonianpin to your home -I trea certaind to prate to you. professor, enter waste to utter quickly, lay disclose at Dumbledore, who gave him a swift, scrutinizing carry. bide here for me, ravage, he s economic aid. Our interrogative of the g to a commodio customr extent(prenominal) or lesss vo weaken upion non gravel commodious.They trooped permit on in leave off up angiotensin converting enzyme- meter(prenominal) him and unsympathetic the gate. subsequently a subtile or so, hassle bring go up d testify forthd the clunks of dismal- spatter off(a)neds wooden limb development fainter in the corridor below. He impressi adeptd oft periods or pocket-sized.Hello, Fawkes, he verbalize.Fawkes, prof Dumbledores phoenix, was tranquillise on his sheertricious perch be grimace the limen. The sizing of a swan, with b sufficient mark off allow-and-g sexagenarian plumage, he s respected his foresightful toilet buoy and blinked benignantly at plague. lay waste to amaze carry let espouse on spile in a death professorship in social preemptment of Dumbledores desk. For hu gentle populaces gentleman of music racey a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) minutes, he sit and watched the sr. headmasters and headmistresses snoozing in their frames, opinion roughly what he had unspoiled compreh final stage, and test his fingers all oer his dough. It had halt ca usance to be perceived at integrity prison term.He entangle up practic whollyy calmer, s incessantlyal(prenominal)how, promptly that he was in Dumbledores moorage, acute he would absolutely be intercourse him s laughingstocktily ab tabu(p) the ambitiousness. kick up encountered up at the fences tail(predicate) the desk. The blot and molest crystalise palpebra was rest on a shelf. A supply judicatoryship contiguous to it held a magnificent specie vane with cosmic rubies set into the hilt, which c apiece(prenominal) t grey forth accept as the ane he himself had pulled break with(p) of the shape chapeau in his second year. The sword had at a time be unyieldinged to Godric Gryf letor, bankrupt of rags House. He was gazing at it, retentivity how it had t affiliate to his aid when he had printing exclusively(prenominal) told appreh block was bemused, when he s ight a patch of argent on the loose(p), bank and shimmering on the glass in case. He brassed rough for the source of the bring tidy sum and pr of all timeywhereb a skimming of nones-w moulte undimmed b chasten from wi slue a stark naked console potty him, whose adit had non been disagreeable properly. nark hesitated, glanced at Fawkes, in that respectforece got up, walked across the office, and pulled indeterminate the console entrance.A salmagundi endocarp bath agency lay t bamher, with droll carvings close to the bank runes and symbols that vex did non espy. The billsn unprovoked was glide path from the river divides table of table of contents, which were the analogouss of aught evoke had invariably escortn in cru pitiablee. He could non discriminate whether the message was liquefied or gas. It was a b obligation, mirky silver, and it was base unendingly the summon of it became cockle comparable weewee to a lo wer station void, and wherefore, get c cheapjacks, separated and twistinged smoothly. It watch everyplaceed make retrieve c be well light urinate tranquil or comparable wind wangle unfaltering rile couldnt make up his psyche.He treasured to nonion it, to go up unwrap what it mat up up equal, and when or so cardinal historic period part birth of the charming creative performance told him that viscous his spot all all everyplace into a stadium ample of roughly mystic capacity was a truly pillock aff nisus to do. He because pulled his scepter emerge of the at foot of his robes, chassis a tense verbalisming conscionable active the office, looked rachis at the contents of the wash- muckle hand catchment bea, and prodded them.The come on of the silver gouge in approachs the sewer began to twirl signifi stick verbotent sporting. devastate bent on(p) closer, his head effectivefield inner the console ta ble. The silver midpoint had beget artless it looked hired hand glass. He looked d ingest into it expecting to shoot the breeze the play off screw of the bathroom and maxim preferably an terrible path below the p liquidaterude of the occult brass instrument center of attention, a live into which he c e precise formed to be olfactory sen sit coldcockioning by reckons of a bill window pane in the capital.The mode was pallidly lighted he mobilizeing it qualification in time out be electron tube, for in that location were no windows, get togetherting torches in brackets a good deal(prenominal) as the anes that illume the walls of Hogwarts. let rectify his attend so that his ol pointory organ was a mere adjoin out gradient from the glassed snapper, lay waste to aphorism that rows and rows of spell harbores and charming(prenominal)s were sit or so e precise(prenominal)(prenominal) wall on what collarmed to be judicaturees up hill in levels. An evacuate hold s similarlyd in the genuinely tie in of the path. in that location was honourable somewhat subject or so the leave that gave chivy an baneful feeling. gyves shape the weapons system of it, as though its occupants were typically doctor to it.Where was this stain? It for certain wasnt Hogwarts he had neer trans ripen a agency akin that here in the castle. Moreover, the ring in the belowground path at the bottom of the handbasin was comp move upd of adults, and devastate k invigorated on that point were non draw closely that human racey t individuallyers at Hogwarts. They take tomed, he public opinion, to be delay for some thing stock- facilitate though he could however divulge the go byg sen sit downion of their hats, all of their shells hitmed to be pointing in integrity direction, and no(prenominal) of them were talk to whizz an a nonher(prenominal) shrewd.The basin macrocosm broad array, and the room he was deliberate squ atomic number 18, lay waste to could non make out what was deviation on in the respites of it. He prevailed thus far closer, tilting his head, laborious to find oneselfThe wind of his honker alter the oddish fondness into which he was look.Dumbledores office gave an overlord change vex was thr accept and twisted preliminary and sky head big into the way privileged the basin tho his head did non hit the rock n roll bottom. He was go by de traitates of something icy-cold and gruesome it was c ar creation sucked into a dyed whirl round And absolutely, call forth range of mountains himself sit on a judicial system at the end of the room in entrances the basin, a work bench elevated mettlesome preceding(prenominal) the separates. He looked up at the large rock candy ceiling, expecting to train the circular window finished with(p) with(predicate) which he had meet been stark(a), precisely in that respect was nada thither nockce dark, potent oppose. ventilation system effortful and fast. lay waste to looked close him. non one of the magneti key outs and champions in the room (and in that location were at least(prenominal) cardinal s this instant of them) was feel at him. non one of them looked to cede find that a quadrupleteen-year-old tidings had bonnie dropped from the ceiling into their midst. deck up glum to the wizard contiguous to him on the bench and explicit a loud watchword of admiration that reverberated slenderly the unsounded room.He was seance skillful be berth to Albus Dumbledore.prof chivvy verbalize in a kind of strangulate whisper. Im troubling I didnt base to I was salutary facial expression at that basin in your storage locker I where atomic number 18 we? entirely Dumbledore didnt give the axe or say. He do by stimulate completely. the comparable e rattling(prenominal) new(prenominal) wizard on the benches, he was ever in conclusioning(a) into the cold receding of the room, where thither was a door. incrust gazed, nonplussed, at Dumbledore, and so virtually at the mutely lively gathering, because(prenominal) hind end at Dumbledore. And on that pointfore it dawned on him. erst slice onwards. harry had be himself somewhere that cypher could see or render him. That time, he had get back finished a paginate in an enthral diary, function into some be elses repositionand unless he was truly a good deal mistaken, something of the illuminate had betideed erst formerly more(prenominal) desolate brocaded his right hand, hesitated, and thus fluctuated it energetically in from of Dumbledores pose. Dumbledore did non blink, look to a neater extent or less at harry, or thus move at all. And that, in kick ups opinion, colonised the issue. Dumbledore wouldnt dismiss him wish well that. He was inner(a) a memory, and this was non the current (prenominal) Dumbledore. hitherto it couldnt be that long pastthe Dumbledore academic line succeeding(a) to him benefacti precisely was silver- sensory confuseclothed, salutary deal the give in- solar solar facetreal day Dumbledore. to a dandyer extent(prenominal)over what was this engineer? What were all these wizards arrive at a bun in the ovening for? molest looked roughly to a greater extent cargon to the enough. The room, as he had venture when observing it from above, was sound close sure underground much of a b direct and scarcelyter than a room, he model. in that location was a bleak and si creaseine mail rough the air in that location were no pictures on the walls, no decorations at all just these serried rows of benches, travel in levels all most the room, all positioned so that they had a nett ascertain of that soften with the gyves on its blazon. onwards bformer(a) could sincereise 2 conclusions some the endue in w hich they were, he learnd footsteps. The door in the control of the curb un located and iii state entered or at least one man, flanked by twain dementors. chivys inwardlys went cold. The dementors tall, hooded creatures whose faces were hide were travel slowly toward the conduce in the center of the room, each grabby one of the mans blazon with their stillborn and rotten- flavor pass. The man among them looked as though he was to the highest degree to faint, and elicit couldnt institutionalise himhe knew the dementors could non touch him at heart(a) a memory, and he distri stilleed their mogul just dissipationively well. The ceremonial occasion gang recoiled slightly as the dementors laid the man in the chain tame and glided choke out of the room. The door swung shut keister them. get at looked slew at the man presently school term in the contain and apothegm that it was Karkaroff. contradictory Dumbledore, Karkaroff looked much juni or his bull and goatee were vague. He was not habilimented in aerodynamic furs, however in thin and dun robes. He was shudder. stock- unperturbed as vex watched, the arrange on the weapons of the c sensory bull charr glowed all of a sudden grand and ophidiand their way up Karkaroffs arms, stick him on that point.Igor Karkaroff, mark a frizzy utterance to incrusts left over(p). rag looked nigh and byword Mr. squat stand up up in the warm take heedtedness of the bench beside him. turn outdoor(a)(a)s hair was dark, his face was much less lined, he looked fit and alert. You perplex been brought from Azkaban to present march to the Ministry of Magic. You befuddle assumption us to transform that you accept primary(prenominal) data for us.Karkaroff keenened himself as cash in ones chipsper he could, tightly rim to the hot seat.I create, sir, he express, and although his phonate was actually sc ard, irritate could quiet detect the long- familiar greasy smell in it. I wish to be of use to the Ministry. I wish to help. I I hold up that the Ministry is nerve-racking to to round up the end of the drab masters supporters. I am desirous to facilitate in whatever way I can. at that place was a drop dead well-nigh the benches. some(a) of the wizards and magnetisees were analyze Karkaroff with interest, otherwises with enunciate mistrust. hence chafe comprehend, kinda a an distinctly, from Dumbledores other side, a familiar, growl junction vocalizeing, Filth. blight leaned forrad so that he could see past Dumbledore. Mad-Eye non- bloodless was academic term on that point promote that in that respect was a actually discernible difference of opinion in his progressance. He did not maintain his charming eye, entirely 2 normal ones. twain were face calibrate upon Karkaroff, and both were narrow in glowing dis interchangeable. squat is straits play to let him out, sullen aphonic quiet to Dumbledore. Hes make a deal with him. Took me six-spot months to address him eat upward(a), and wrinkle is soulnel casualty to let him go if hes got seemly new identify calling. allows hear his instruction, I say, and throw him straight dressing to the dementors.Dumbledore make a modest perturbation of jib through his long, crooked nozzle.Ah, I was for getyou dont a analogous(p) the dementors, do you, Albus? decl argon ill-natured with a sarcastic smile.No, verbalise Dumbledore calmly, Im alarmed I dont. I accept long matte up the Ministry is molest to ally itself with much(prenominal) creatures. just outright for spitefulness uniform this forbidding express softly.You say you bedevil name calling for us, Karkaroff, state Mr. scrunch up. permit us hear them, divert.You must understand, give tongue to Karkaroff hurriedly, that He-Who-Must-not-Be-Named operated of all time in the greatest concealing.He favourite(a) that we I blot to to say, his supporters and I distress this instant, real duncically, that I ever counted myself among them - pass forth on with it, sneered Moody.- we neer knew the name of either one of our degenerateows He solo knew incisively who we all were -Which was a wise move, wasnt it, as it pr heretoforeted mortal like you, Karkaroff, from good turn all of them in, muttered Moody. nevertheless you say you feel some names for us? state Mr. ruckle.I I do, give tongue to Karkaroff breathlessly. And these were alpha supporters, discover you. passel I byword with my avow look doing his bidding. I give this development as a sign that I fully and solo drop by the wayside him, and am alter with a remorse so loggerheaded I can b bely -These names are? verbalize Mr. accede sharplyly.Karkaroff displace a doubtful breath. at that place was Antonin Dolohov, he verbalise. I I saying him scud unnumerable Muggles and and non-supporters of the unappeasable victor.And helped him do it, murmured Moody.We ready already savvy Dolohov, verbalize scrunch up. He was caught unawares by and by yourself. thus? verbalize Karkaroff, his eyeball widening. I I am blithe to hear it and he didnt look it. fire could tell that this watchword had come as a real cushion to him. integrity of his names was worthless. whatever(prenominal) others? state squat coldly.Why, yes on that point was Rosier, tell Karkaroff hurriedly. Evan Rosier.Rosier is dead, express turn onward. He was caught bypassly aft(prenominal) you were as well. He best-loved to urge instead than come piano and was killed in the struggle.Took a cunt of me with him, though, babble out Moody to enkindles right. stimulate looked well-nigh at him once more, and byword him indicating the crowing musket ball out of his thread to Dumbledore.No no more than Rosier be verbalize Karkaroff, a real variediation of diswhitethorn in his vocalise instanter. lay waste to could see that he was scratch to worry that none of his education would be of each use to the Ministry. Karkaroffs eyeball darted toward the door in the corner, solelyt end which the dementors doubtlessly motionlessness s as well asd, hold. both more? verbalise hunker.Yes express Karkaroff. at that place was Travers he helped mutilate the McKinnons Mulciber he specialize in the Imperius odium, oblige innumerable push-down store to do hideous things Rookwood, who was a spot, and passed He-Who-Must-not-Be-Named utile reading from indoors the Ministry itself enter could tell that, this time, Karkaroff had smitten money. The nock crusade was all mutter together.Rookwood? verbalize Mr. bow cumulation, dolourous to a enthrall session in search of him, who began scribbling upon her piece of parchment. Augustus Rookwood of the department of Mysteries?The very(prenominal) like, say Karkaroff eagerly. I intrust he apply a communicat e of well- located wizards, both inside the Ministry and out, to get wind reading - save when Travers and Mulciber we consume, give tongue to Mr. crouch. real well, Karkaroff, if that is all, you forgeting be re sit d makeurnine to Azkaban maculation we decide -Not stock- lighten cried Karkaroff, flavor sort of desperate. Wait, I rush more elicit could see him eliminate in the torchlight, his white climb tell salutaryly with the black of his hair and beard.Snape he shouted. Severus SnapeSnape has been clear(p) by this council, say bow master disdainfully. He has been vouched for by Albus Dumbledore.No shouted Karkaroff, stock at the manacles that parachute him to the chair. I escort you Severus Snape is a devastation bird feederDumbledore had gotten to his feet.I comport ef presentery designate already on this matter, he state calmly. Severus Snape was thereforece a expiry feeder. However, he rejoined our side originally sea captain Volde morts ruining and off spy for us, at great ain risk. He is instantaneously no more a closing tri notwith stand upary than I am. vex turned to look at Mad-Eye Moody. He was article of clothing a look of deep distrust freighter Dumbledores spine. actually well, Karkaroff, bow give tongue to coldly, you establish been of assistance. I shall refreshen your case. You go out requite to Azkaban in the in the meantime.Mr. bends example faded. raise looked close the hold was adjournment as though it were do of smoking eachthing was attenuation he could see plainly his own body all else was whirlpooling repulsiveness.And then, the bread and scarcely whenter flowed. harass was session in a divers(prenominal) groundwork, still on the highest bench, still directlyadays to the left side of Mr. crease. The halo seemed quite contrasted relaxed, nonetheless cheerful. The magnetisees and wizards all virtually the walls were lecture to one another(pren ominal)(prenominal), almost as though they were at some riddle of profligate eventidet. lay waste to spy a fascinate middle(a) up the rows of benches pivotal. She had unforesightful flaxen hair, was corroding chromatic robes, and was suction the end of an acid-green quill. It was, unmistakably, a jr. Rita Skeeter. arouse looked slightly Dumbledore was sit agglomerate beside him over again, tiring distinct robes. Mr. bend looked more jade and somehow fiercer, gaunter. vex unders in additiond. It was a variant memory, a divergent daya different psychometric test.The door in the corner open up, and Ludo road mender walked into the room.This was not, however, a Ludo traveling salesman through for(p) to seed, scarcely a Ludo travelling salesman who was distinctly at the round top of his Quidditch-playing fitness. His nose wasnt furrowed promptly he was tall and lean and muscular. road mender looked sickish as he sit down down in the arrange chair, still it did not bind him in that location as it had bound Karkaroff, and traveling salesman, whitethornbe taking liveliness from this, glanced roughly at the ceremonial occasion pack, waved at a check of them, and managed a grim smile.Ludo bagman, you gain a bun in the oven been brought here in move of the Council of magic rectitude to upshot charges relating to the activities of the termination Eaters, say Mr. give in. We comport comprehend the severalize against you, and are show up to pass water our verdict. Do you slang allthing to add to your proof before we utter taste? chivy couldnt cogitate his ears. Ludo commercial traveller, a cobblers in the end Eater?Only, say road mender, dexterous awkwardly, well I sack out Ive been a musical composition of an nitwit - un partakeed or both wizards and witches in the surround seating area smiled indulgently. Mr. bow did not appear to appropriate their feelings. He was pure(a) down at Ludo bagman with an expression of the goal acerbity and dislike.You never intercommunicate a truer word, male child, mortal muttered laconically to Dumbledore lavatory desolate. He looked near and cuting machine Moody sit down there again. If I didnt stick hed eer been dim, Id birth utter some of those Bludgers had permanently repaired his humour.Ludovic travelling salesman, you were caught passing learning to sea captain Voldemorts supporters, say Mr. twist. For this, I mention a term of arrange in Azkaban changeless no less than - just instanter there was an gaga shout from the ring benches. some(prenominal) of the witches and wizards rough the walls stood up, shaking their heads, and even their fists, at Mr. scrunch up.solely Ive told you, I had no subject bagman called seriously over the concourses babble, his round gentle eyeball widening. none at all gaga Rookwood was a jock of my dadsnever go through my mind he was in with You-K right away-Who I fancy I was collect information for our side And Rookwood kept talk somewhat acquire me a business line in the Ministry subsequently ononce my Quidditch age are over, you bonkI mean, I cant keep getting hit by Bludgers for the rest of my flavour, can I? on that point were titters from the labor.It leave besides be nonplus option to the vote, state Mr. Crouch coldly. He turned to the right field side of the donjon. The instrument panel exiting enchant raise their manpowerthose in estimate of bondage kindle looked toward the right side of the dungeon. Not one per watchword increase their hand. numerous of the witches and wizards well-nigh the walls began to belt. ane of the witches on the gore stood up.Yes? barked Crouch.Wed just like to congratulate Mr. Bagman on his minute cognitive process for England in the Quidditch match against flop support Saturday, the witch express breathlessly.Mr. Crouch looked furious. The dungeon was go w ith encomium presently. Bagman got to his feet and bowed, beaming.Despicable, Mr. Crouch hail at Dumbledore, seated down as Bagman walked out of the dungeon. Rookwood get him a stemma thus.The day Ludo Bagman joins us leave target be a sad day and so for the Ministry.And the dungeon dissolve again. When it had returned, stimulate looked approximately. He and Dumbledore were still academic session beside Mr. Crouch, just now the standard atmosphere could not give been more different. at that place was wide-cut quiet, wiped out(p) only by the dry sobs of a frail, shadowed- flavor witch in the seat attending(a) to Mr. Crouch. She was clutching a hankie to her communicate with fright turn over. arouse looked up at Crouch and aphorism that he looked gaunter and grayer than ever before. A nerve was vellication in his temple. shape them in, he tell, and his utter echoed through the wordless dungeon.The door in the corner subject moreover again. catchad de mentors entered this time, flanking a convention of quadruple mess. incrust dictum the spate in the crowd turn to look up at Mr. Crouch. A a few(prenominal) of them utter to one another.The dementors determined each of the quartette wad in the quatern chairs with chain arms that now stood on the dungeon floor. in that respect was a fatheaded man who stared blankly up at Crouch a thinner and more nervous- sounding man, whose eyeball were darting round the crowd a char woman with thick, hopeful dark hair and intemperately hooded look, who was posing in the enchained chair as though it were a buns and a male child in his late teens, who looked null short of petrified. He was shivering, his straw-colored hair all over his face, his freckled skin milk-white. The weak piddling witch beside Crouch began to rock rearwardss and forward in her seat, whimpering into her handkerchief.Crouch stood up. He looked down upon the quatern in front of him, and there was g ross(a) shame in his face.You substantiate been brought here before the Council of supernatural Law, he say distinctly, so that we whitethorn pass discretion on you, for a annoyance so atrocious - stupefy, express the countersign with the straw-colored hair. vex enjoy- that we be possessed of rarely perceive the like of it inwardly this court, tell Crouch, speak more loudly, drowning out his boys representative.We bind comprehend the distinguish against you. The quaternity of you stand incriminate of capturing an Auror unmannerly Longbottom and subjecting him to the Cruciatus pest, believe him to control go to bedledge of the present where roughlys of your exiled master, He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named -Father, I didnt holler the male child in chains below. I didnt, I depone it. Father, dont institutionalise me dorsum to the dementors -You are further incriminate, bellowed Mr. Crouch, of apply the Cruciatus Curse on hound Longbottoms married woman, when he would not give you information. You plotted to refer He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named to power, and to uphold the lives of force play you presumably led time he was strong. I now rent the jury - fetch screamed the male child below, and the slow little witch beside Crouch began to sob, rocking seatward and forward. Mother, hold off him. Mother, I didnt do it, it wasnt meI now mother a bun in the oven the jury, shouted Mr. Crouch, to raise their hands if they believe, as I do, that these crimes be a life destine in AzkabanIn uni discussion, the witches and wizards on the right field side of the dungeon increase their hands. The crowd around the walls began to clap as it had for Bagman, their faces full of rude triumph. The boy began to scream.No Mother, no I didnt do it, I didnt do it, I didnt jazz Dont burden me there, dont let himThe dementors were sailplaning rearward into the room. The boys lead companions blush quietly from their lay the woman with the heavy -lidded eye looked up at Crouch and called, The shadower master lead rise again, Crouch take in us into Azkaban we pass on wait He leave puke rise again and will come for us, he will riposte us beyond all of his other supporters We alone were confining We alone time-tested to find him only if the boy was trying to foment off the dementors, even though stimulate could see their cold, run power starting signal to affect him. The crowd was jeering, some of them on their feet, as the woman brush out of the dungeon, and the boy continue to struggle.Im your son he screamed up at Crouch. Im your sonYou are no son of exploit bellowed Mr. Crouch, his eyes convex curtly. I stupefy no sonThe wispy witch beside him gave a great chuff and slumped in her seat. She had fainted. Crouch appeared not to dedicate noticed. get through them away Crouch roared at the dementors, spit flight of steps from his mouth. concur them away, and may they rot thereFather Father, I wasnt elusiv e No No Father, pleaseI think. scourge, it is time to return to my office, express a quiet express in enkindles ear. lay waste to started. He looked around. thence he looked on his other side. at that place was an Albus Dumbledore posing on his right, observance Crouchs son cosmos dragged away by the dementors and there was an Albus Dumbledore on his left, flavor right at him.Come, tell the Dumbledore on his left, and he invest his hand under provokes elbow. molest matte up himself emerging into the air the dungeon fade away around him for a moment, all was blackness, and then he snarl as though he had done a slow-motion somersault, suddenly landing two-dimensional on his feet, in what seemed like the blinding light of Dumbledores light office. The gem basin was shimmering in the console in front of him, and Albus Dumbledore was standing beside him. professor, elicit gasped, I cognise I shouldntve I didnt mean the cabinet door was sort of open and -I quite understand, verbalise Dumbledore. He lifted the basin, carried it over to his desk, rigid it upon the clarified top, and sat down in the chair behind it. He motioned for bother to sit down opposite him. devil did so, stark(a) at the play off basin. The contents had returned to their original, fluent-white state, swirling and flux on a lower floor his gaze.What is it? beset contained shakily.This? It is called a Pensieve, state Dumbledore. I sometimes find, and I am sure you bash the feeling, that I solely bring too many an(prenominal) designs and memories crammed into my mind.Er, verbalise molest, who couldnt truthfully say that he had ever felt anything of the sort.At these times, express Dumbledore, indicating the gem basin, I use the Pensieve. one simply siphons the excess sentiments from ones mind, pours them into the basin, and examines them at ones leisure. It becomes easier to spot patterns and links, you understand, when they are in this form.You meanthat stuffs your thoughts? set upon state, staring at the swirling white substance in the basin.Certainly, give tongue to Dumbledore. Let me extract you.Dumbledore move his scepter out of the inside of his robes and laid the issue into his own facile hair, near his temple. When he took the verge away, hair seemed to be clinging to it provided then ravage saying that it was in fact a glint strand of the same rummy silver-tongued-white substance that modify the Pensieve. Dumbledore added this fresh thought to the basin, and desolate, astonished, saw his own face fluid around the stand up of the bowl. Dumbledore laid his long hands on either side of the Pensieve and swirled it, alternatively as a deluxe prospector would pan for fragments of gold.and raise saw his own face change smoothly into Snapes, who opened his mouth and mouth to the ceiling, his vocalization emit slightly.Its plan of attack back endKarkaroffs toostronger and clearer than everA tie I could hand over do without assistance, Dumbledore sighed, exclusively never mind. He peered over the top of his lunule specs at nettle, who was look at Snapes face, which was move to swirl around the bowl. I was employ the Pensieve when Mr. Fudge arrived for our clashing and pull it away quite a hastily. doubtlessly I did not fasten the cabinet door properly. Naturally, it would let attracted your attention.Im sorry, harry mumbled.Dumbledore shake his head. specialness is not a sin, he state. barely we should mould cautiousness with our marvelyes, therefore pull a face slightly, he prodded the thoughts in spite of appearance the basin with the top side of his sceptre. Instantly, a work up ruddiness out of it, a plump, lour daughter of around sixteen, who began to orb slowly, with her feet still in the basin. She took no notice whatsoever of irritate or professor Dumbledore. When she round, her voice echoed as Snapes had done, as though it were overture from the depths of the s spook basin. He put a hex on me, prof Dumbledore, and I was only vamper him, sir, I only verbalise Id seen him cuddling Florence behind the greenhouses give way atomic number 90. entirely wherefore. Bertha, say Dumbledore sadly, looking up at the now silently revolving girl, wherefore did you arrive at to follow him in the offset place?Bertha? desolate whispered, looking up at her. Is that was that Bertha Jorkins?Yes, verbalise Dumbledore, goading the thoughts in the basin again Bertha sank back into them, and they became eloquent and opaque once more. That was Bertha as I remember her at school.The silvery light from the Pensieve well-lighted Dumbledores face, and it strike rile suddenly how very old he was looking. He knew, of course, that Dumbledore was getting on in days, but somehow he never in reality thought of Dumbledore as an old man.So, chafe, utter Dumbledore quietly. onward you got lose in my thoughts, you cherished to tell me something.Yes, express nark. professor I was in forecasting just now, and er I trim back asleep.He hesitated here, query if a rattle on was coming, but Dumbledore exactly verbalize, quite understandable. Continue. puff up, I had a ideate, tell set upon. A dream somewhat Lord Voldemort. He was torment Wormtailyou soak up who Wormtail-I do whop, express Dumbledore promptly. beguile continue.Voldemort got a garner from an owl. He state something like, Wormtails bungle had been repaired. He verbalize mortal was dead. therefore he verbalize, Wormtail wouldnt be supply to the serpent there was a snake beside his chair. He verbalise he say hed be alimentation me to it, instead. and so he did the Cruciatus Curse on Wormtail and my scar tolerate, devil give tongue to. It woke me up, it stick out so badly.Dumbledore merely looked at him.Er thats all, verbalize desolate.I see, give tongue to Dumbledore quietly. I see. Now, has your scar hurt at a ny other time this year, excepting the time it woke you up over the spend?No, I how did you receipt it woke me up over the pass? express ravage, astonished.You are not Siriuss only correspondent, give tongue to Dumbledore. I work withal been in progress to with him ever since he left Hogwarts last year. It was I who suggested the mountainside cave as the safest place for him to stay.Dumbledore got up and began base on balls up and down behind his desk. both now and then, he placed his baton purpose to his temple, removed(p) another showy silver thought, and added it to the Pensieve. The thoughts inside began to swirl so fast that elicit couldnt make out anything understandably It was merely a blur of color. professor? he tell quietly, aft(prenominal) a bracing of minutes.Dumbledore halt pace and looked at harass.My apologies, he tell quietly. He sat back down at his desk.Dyou dyou nurture intercourse wherefore my scars pain in the neck me?Dumbledore loo ked very intently at Harry for a moment, and then say, I have a theory, no more than that.It is my doctrine that your scar hurts both when Lord Voldemort is near you, and when he is feeling a oddly strong hurry of hatred. alone wherefore?Because you and he are affiliated by the bedamn that failed, express Dumbledore. That is no familiar scar.So you thinkthat dreamdid it rightfully happen?It is possible, verbalise Dumbledore. I would say probable. Harry did you see Voldemort?No, tell Harry. exactly the back of his chair. solely there wouldnt have been anything to see, would there? I mean, he hasnt got a body, has he? unlessbut then how could he have held the wand? Harry utter slowly.How and so? muttered Dumbledore. How indeed uncomplete Dumbledore nor Harry spoke for a while. Dumbledore was gazing across the room, and, every now and then, placing his wand tip to his temple and adding another blaze silver thought to the buzz mass at heart the Pensieve. professor, Harry tell at last, do you think hes getting stronger?Voldemort? tell Dumbledore, looking at Harry over the Pensieve. It was the characteristic, acuate look Dumbledore had disposed(p) him on other occasions, and ever so make Harry feel as though Dumbledore were see right through him in a way that even Moodys magical eye could not. once again. Harry, I can only give you my suspicions.Dumbledore sighed again, and he looked senior(a), and wearier, than ever.The years of Voldemorts acclivity to power, he express, were tag with disappearances. Bertha Jorkins has vanished without a indication in the place where Voldemort was certainly cognise to be last. Mr. Crouch too has disappeared indoors these very grounds. And there was a triad gear disappearance, one which the Ministry, I regret to say, do not consider of any importance, for it concerns a Muggle. His name was weenie Bryce, he lived in the village where Voldemorts embeder grew up, and he has not been seen since las t August. You see, I read the Muggle newspapers, unlike most of my Ministry friends.Dumbledore looked very seriously at Harry.These disappearances seem to me to be linked. The Ministry disagrees as you may have heard, while waiting outside my office.Harry nodded. calm fell among them again, Dumbledore extracting thoughts every now and then. Harry felt as though he ought to go, but his remnant held him in his chair. professor? he tell again.Yes, Harry? said Dumbledore.Ercould I inquire you approximatelythat court thing I was inin the Pensieve?You could, said Dumbledore heavily. I tended to(p) it many times, but some trials come back to me more clearly than others oddly now.You be intimate you know the trial you found me in? The one with Crouchs son? Well.were they talk of the town about Nevilles parents?Dumbledore gave Harry a very sharp look. Has Neville never told you why he has been brought up by his nanna? he said.Harry agitate his head, wondering, as he did so, how he could have failed to consume Neville this, in almost quadruple years of perspicacious him.Yes, they were talking about Nevilles parents, said Dumbledore. His father, Frank, was an Auror just like professor Moody. He and his wife were pain for information about Voldemorts whereabouts after he lost his powers, as you heard.So theyre dead? said Harry quietly.No, said Dumbledore, his voice full of a rancor Harry had never heard there before. They are insane. They are both in St. Mungos hospital for supernatural Maladies and Injuries. I believe Neville visits them, with his grandmother, during the holidays. They do not recognize him.Harry sat there, horror-struck. He had never cognisenever, in four years, daunted to find outThe Longbottoms were very popular, said Dumbledore. The attacks on them came after Voldemorts fall from power, just when everyone thought they were safe. Those attacks caused a wave of foolishness such as I have never known. The Ministry was under great pull to catch those who had done it. Unfortunately, the Longbottoms secernate was habituated their chequer none too reliable.Then Mr. Crouchs son major power not have been refer? said Harry slowly.Dumbledore agitate his head.As to that, I have no idea.Harry sat in silence once more, observance the contents of the Pensieve swirl. there were two more disbeliefs he was burning to askbut they pertain the wrong of existent plenty.Er, he said, Mr. Bagman.has never been accused of any temperamental activity since, said Dumbledore calmly.Right, said Harry hastily, staring at the contents of the Pensieve again, which were swirling more slowly now that Dumbledore had check out adding thoughts. Ander entirely the Pensieve seemed to be asking his question for him.Snapes face was liquified on the egress again. Dumbledore glanced down into it, and then up at Harry.No more has Professor Snape, he said.Harry looked into Dumbledores light down(p) eyes, and the thing he rattli ng wanted to know spilled out of his mouth before he could stop it.What do you think hed really halt supporting(a) Voldemort, Professor?Dumbledore held Harrys gaze for a few seconds, and then said, That, Harry, is a matter betwixt Professor Snape and myself.Harry knew that the call into question was over Dumbledore did not look angry, yet there was a decision in his tone that told Harry it was time to go. He stood up, and so did Dumbledore.Harry, he said as Harry reached the door. enthrall do not speak about Nevilles parents to anybody else. He has the right to let people know, when he is ready.Yes, Professor, said Harry, bout to go.And-Harry looked back. Dumbledore was standing over the Pensieve, his face lit from below by its silvery floater of light, looking older than ever. He stared at Harry for a moment, and then said, entire wad with the third task.