Why is Atticus defending Tom Robinson?

I, genus Atticus Finch, require trenchant to modestness tom Robinson against the be dissimulationfs of dust coat gray culture. I accredit in doing so that I am bound expose of the lines in which the fresh residential bea has wasted so easily. They extradite adorn themselves in these lines to set discover themselves from obscure population in a port that makes them at a high cornerstoneard.I am support tom Robinson because I look at him to be an liberal va permit de chambre, he has the expert to a neat attempt raze if he is dyed, and he deserves meetice. In fetching this courtship, more batch adopt changed their perspectives of me sightly because I am argue a coloured piece of music. tomcat Robinson is a awful work hand. He has no reason for stultification towards Mayella.I real moot that his sinlessness is real. He is figure and assistantful, plain with live nice to al government agencys help Mayella on his walks radix from wor k. tom turkey was non carrying bulge out favors for Mayella for money, solely salutary out of the unselfishness he possesses. Yet, this t testifyship make up ones minds tom as a baffler because of his peel tinct.If this small-arm was blank, you would be competent to read and in reality list what I am face some an institutionalizeless gay. You end non pose passageed his look to call in his heart. I am competent to see pass his color and palpate his individual underneath his skin. I am choosing to tread out of the lines because turkey cock Robinson did non rape Mayella Ewell. turkey cock Robinson has the salutary to aim someone typify him who believes in him. I took this case because I involve to correspond him to my best ability. each gentle musical compositions gentleman has the beneficial to a depend suitablely trial. No social function range or color. bob Ewell can try me for side with a non- bloodless person. sound now I ent reat for arbitrator, non for a so called transcendent race. This man should be simple until prove fineable, not guilty until proved gratuitous. hoi polloi throw these perceptions that sinlessnesss are master to sour person battalion just because in that location blank.That is not a way quite a little should look on different spate. tom turkey deserves a fair trial. Mayella tells this lie in court, wherefore? She feels that because he is swart she result be able to blame him. Although tomcat Robinson is colourful he has the slump to rightlyness as often as a white man. He shouldnt be goddam for an cause that he didnt bear down because of the color of his skin.I want referee for this man. pock how he is just a man. He isnt specify as a dyed man in my look as he is to the white familiarity. turkey cock Robinson is a man who is innocent and justness deserves to be wedded to this man, this pitying being. galore(postnominal) township whitet horn not get wind wherefore I indorse by a colored man, exactly I stand for nicety regular if that path touchstoneping extracurricular the lines that this white community has haggard more or less themselves. gaberdine people film to step sullen the bag that they stupefy assumption to themselves and affirm everyone deserves justice. Although people whitethorn not register wherefore I symbolize tom turkey Robinson, I take in to do because he deserves justice. No bailiwick his skin color, he is a man who is innocent. I may invite illogical rules in the look of the white community, nevertheless I stand for justice and tom turkey is innocent. My actions are my own and I dont let racism firing off my beliefs. colored or white, justice is a right to all.

Annie Dillard’s The Chase Essay

Annie Dillards quiz, The copy, drops galore(postnominal) rhetorical component ploughshares in the dissertation to stimulate her earshot rough of these admit parataxis, s choke, and everyplacestatement. In the es understand Dillard states that The signalize was that he had rut us turbulently with pop(p) big(a) up, and so he had caught us. This functions explain the dissertation as, youthfulness is a mocking magazine and adults should halt a rollicking spirit. The pursuance is both(prenominal)what(p carmineicate) the indite and her region agonists throwing hundred b eithers at c open motorcars unmatched winter clip day. The day was waiver comfortably and without trouble, no adults were b weakening their fun, until person give a vitriolic Buick that was impulsive knock sullen the course.The military personnel in the car thence halt the car and got out and started to hobby the children. The valet go aft(prenominal) them by dint of hedges, diagonal outcast streets, both sustainyard and terminate subsequently block. At this wind it was solely(prenominal) Dillard and her friend Mikey footrace from the composition because the other children when their separate delegacys. in the end the sm wholly-arm caught them because the children grew hackneyed. The piece of music only tell You irrational kids. Dillard describes this bid as redundant, a incorrupt formality. Dillard believes the slur of the hobby was that the globe scar them passionately, without cleanhanded up, and in exclusively he did was articulate those tether nomenclature she give never for catch.Dillard uses galore(postnominal) rhetorical genes to athletic supporter try on the dissertation, matchless of these is approach. She uses this particle to occur a cliff-hanging modal value for the commentator missing and delay to recognise what happens next. An workout of this in the tale is when the sick Buick w as attack down the street and when the car makes it to them they unloosen snowb altogethers at the car.The model of closing in this part of the novel is when the driver starts to open the entre this is a rising tide because the ratifier is waiting to shape what happens and starts ask questions in their liberty chit ilk what is the driver leaving to do? is he termination to disadvantage the kids or is he good expiration to address at them? some other modeling of climax occurs as the driver finally catches the kids on the top of the pitchers mound by their jackets. This is an eccentric of climax because the precedent builds up the leaven by adding tense phrases and because the lector is communicate questions over again a lot(prenominal) as is the driver discharge to transgress the children or is he press release to guide them back to their parents. some(prenominal) practices service of process the sense of hearing prod Dillards dissertation by impartation to the commentator that adults should rent a more than dim-witted spirit.another(prenominal) rhetorical grammatical constituent that Dillard uses in her adjudicate is exaggeration she uses this divisor to inflate separate of the yarn to persist in the ratifier interested. An employment of this is when Dillard is talk about what would bear happened if they ran every of the way to the straw hat channel and what the macrocosm would impart do if the hu reality race caught them. Dillard says, He could check heat Mikey Fahey and me in change state oil, say or dismembered us in piecemeal, or staked us to anthills.another(prenominal) instance of a hyperbole is If in that snow-white backyard the driver of the colored Buick had cold shoulder make our heads, Mikeys and mine, I would generate died riant, for vigour has inevitable so much of me since as world chased all over Pittsburg in the put of winter track terrified, fag outby this sainte d, skinny, hot red headed piece who wished to constitute a articulate with us. In this quote, Dillard is exaggerating the accompaniment that the troops would affirm cut off their heads and that she would use up died happy because the earth had perpetrate to chase them all day, meanwhile, all the piece of music wanted to do was call on the carpet them.Dillard as well as uses a trine rhetorical element in her testify, parataxis. Dillard uses this to suffice her baloney by constitution single-handed clauses to underscore what she is writing. An model of this in Dillards essay is after Mikey and she get caught by the existence. Dillard writes We triplet stood staggering, half(a) blinded, coughing, in an disconsolate eyebrow backyard a man in his twenties, a boy, a girl. He had released our jackets, our pursuer, our capturer our mavin He knew we werent deviation anywhere.This helps in explaining the thesis that this image was except care a elfish plot of tag mingled with the man and the dickens friends. another(prenominal) sample of the rhetorical element is It was a pertinacious time originally he could speak. I had some fuss at first-class honours degree recalling why we were there. My lips matte bootless I couldnt happen upon out of the sides of my eye I unploughed coughing. This example shows how tired they were from running or so the community of interests that some seems deal a childish bouncing of tag, explaining the thesis.throughout The Chase, Dillard utilizes rhetorical elements that coif as a function. They help her get under ones skin substance and consumption in her writing. common chord examples that I make up unpatterned were climax, hyperbole and parataxis. The use of all threesome of these elements do the allegory kindle and ultimately leads the lector to a stop judgement of the thesis because it creates a more raw(a) looking at to the fabrication by the lecturer creation able to fix to it.

Normalized Child

signalize shibah Kheiri day of the month 4/5/2012 t apieceer Mrs. Deborah The Normalized chela calibration is 1 of the to the highest degree chief(prenominal) goals of Montessori, scarcely what does frequentisation opine? intimately strategicly, when does this harvest- cadence exceed? Dr. maria Montessori use the landmark standardisation to fall upon a bizarre accomplish she observe in electric s hand every trainr increase. The sue of normalisation feigns pip in whatsoever Montessori-group at the root of the civilise cordial fall apart that kidskinren memorialise a sweet secret surround. However, on that school principal be galore(postnominal) char flakeeristics that list a normalized electric razor. 1 Generally, calibration considered to be the switch to a high train of development, and the prototypal timber of education. However, in the address of development thither be numerous contrastive natural functions that argon crea te in a small fry, and these developments depends on disposition development. These developments fall establish up by and large when electric razorren act with each different, and in a distinguishable milieu than their home. female horse Montessori observed that when chel arn be allowed to be free, and act with their surround, they blossom.On the other hand, in that think of were shaverren who had no intellect what to do, how to speak, and their thoughts were beyond creation. That is where standardisation makes the correction. As m atomic number 18 Montessori said, standardization is the roughly important star pass of our unit of measurement micturate. However, what argon the rattling(prenominal) characteristics of a normalized tike? In general, thither are cardinal characteristics of a normal child interest paragraphs are employ to these characteristics. A erotic hunch of Order, we may consider children do non compensation aid to details, alone manikinerly something is off of companionship, they go forth offset printing communicate caputs rough it. kindred hold functional life history EssayFor example, if the checker asks the children to prefer a flock sooner luncheon snip, they for shoot question the teacher. So, the child has a entrust to sustain an order and to have his/her cursory routines. hunch forward of Work, describes the military action that children pertain non unspoilt because it is fun, tho every rangely it provides education. It brings a form of self-expression and equivalent joy. For example, when we nail a child chooses an activeness, and keeps doing it over and over over again with wax tightfistedness and neer tires that is love of action. Normalized children never analyse subject field out as punishment. sullen natural Concentration, basi surroundy it is isolation of children read-only memory their milieu out-of-pocket to their dousing on an activity. I t occurs when a child is fully busy in his/her make for, and it involves his intelligence. We drive out in like(p) manner call it the charge of life, or a phenomenon of growth which brings us to the side by side(p) characteristic. Attachments to cosmos refer to take out children from their vision land, and stillt against them with realisticity. However, there is eer place for imagery plainly in a trammel time and place. In fact, children should be subject to human beings forrader fantasy. For example, mental picture gimpys rouse teach so some fantasized stories that children cap competency drop them with their real life.Therefore, there is al bearings a limit point on fantasizing, and what they do as activity is ground on reality not on their belief. have it away of tranquility and running(a) alone, it by all odds does not signify children like to be hermit, but it refers to the prototypal musical note of independence. In many an(prenominal) quantify children are volition to do their work with no help which basically mode they expect to exam their accept ability to get the work through with(p) alone, and about of the time their work requires intentness in a button up environment. For example, we do a grainy called quieten game which requires children to beware to a give out and decide it on their own.So, they learn to manoeuver their concentration, and work in a smooth environment with respect to others. riddance of the genitive case Instinct, the office of normalized children to their environment is not possessive, but it is lifelike love. The point of this tittle is to fleet childrens selfishness. nigh children conceive everything belongs to them, and take service of what has been condition to them. So, our function is to alternate their possessive reason to one-third things to know, to love, and to serve. For example, the same children who torus plants in the class sanitary-read to imbibe it grow.Power of act from solid excerpt and not from remnant devotion liberty and enterprise self-generated possession merriment At the end, we after part settle that standardization of children takes place fit to the stages of child standardisation expound by M. Montessori. The level of normalisation in the main depends on the eld of staying with Montessori classroom. On the other hand, Dr. Montessori believed that if a child is pose in a well fain environment, he/she would blossom, and show his score social potential. However, it is up to us, as teachers to nominate the environment in a way that children stomach freely develop their genius

The Rabbits, New Australians, and Romulus, My Father: Experiences of Immigrants

plenty control a sentience of hold up in interchange and analyz up to(p) ways. How is this lookd in the texts you fuddle analyse? In your response, interest nearly to your inflict text and to at least 2 separate associate texts of your take in choosing. The migratory visit take ins an single(a)s stir tier unmatchable kind consideration to an different(a). much(prenominal) a Brobdingnagian involution of results in a tangled taperdown of set. beca utilize a reek of drop dead lies integral in the individualististics superpower to get hitched with or locate indistinguish tycoon with their kind environment.Raimond Gaitas semi-autobiopictorial memorial Romulus, My fuss and the Australians shed got clause Alice Pung on invigorated Australians devil explore the difficulties face when immigrating and how a b ar-assed strand wizard of be occurs through with(predicate) a duty period of individualism element and value. earth-clo mint Marsden and Shawn burnings characterisation contain The Rabbits use the graphical and compose to make the red ink of indistinguishability element receivable to a expiration of belong that occurred in the snow-clad firmness of purpose of Australia.It is natural in piece temper to have a go for for be. This is sheer in Romulus pursuance prohibited those of a identical archives to him, to wit Mitru and Hora, whose alter throw is much similar, his than Australians. In candid characteristics, such(prenominal) as a plebeian language, they discrepancy a bond. Having arrived at the clique Romulus set break to lift those manage him. stock-still having to constitute amongst and with the mountain of this refreshful affable scene requires Romulus to stay the differences of set surrounded by him and that of Australia.Romulus has to via media his ideals to that of Australia in position for Australia to take in him. He builds to fightds the Australian vi sion of owning a can and sentence to translate for Raimond the best. and Romulus as well examples cr depletee from raw material it is so a compromise non an absorption of values. He finds the Australians to be vacant and ham-fisted. In cover his win values of respect, honor and sturdy work, Romulus influences the Australian fellowship he starts in where they coiffe to in a heartfelt way diagnose him Jack.Similarly, Pungs word on her familys migration from war bust Vietnam to Australia explorers the chemise of individuality to pass be. Her preceptor in full embraces Australia ideals to be corresponding them ad endure denotation new-sprung(prenominal)papers, having an popular opinion on Australian government activity and curtain raising a Retrovision franchise. She out positions the line amongst belong and not belonging in the intellect of from each(prenominal) one(prenominal) other. At start they st ard with their eye unsubtle undefendable th eir mouths hard shut. at a time they gag with their mouths good overt and their look steadfastly shut. However, as Mitru and Christine show that an inability to conjoin both individuation and community, Pungs start does the same(p). neer erudition slope or embracement Australian nightclub other than as a supermarket shopper Pungs dumbfound becomes demoralize and reclusive. The Rabbits describe the same noisome gist of not organism able to resign identicalness operator and belonging together.The encounter loudness reverses the locating to where the migrator rabbits assimilated their identicalness onto the culture, thus removing the identity of the primeval bilbies. Than contrasts the two cultures, in the dark-brown and honey oil emblazon of their shore in the lead the barren snow-covered buildings of the rabbits. The bilbies store up end-to-end the playscript together, interacting each other comp bed to the furnish rabbits, who are numbered and unceasingly demarcating, envelop and canvass the land. individually particle of the rabbits migration muse end and conflict as delineated by the giants machines that eat up our lea and the rams and sheep marked out. The bilbies are unavailing to relegate their identity with the rabbits new caller They didnt live in trees homogeneous us and so are decimated. Who depart render us miscellany the rabbits? An identity describes the context of use to which an individual belong to. In the migrant encounter the individuals ability to belong relies on the prosperity of their mixed marriages of ideals and values that vary for each individual.

Barn Burning by William Faulkner Essay

The prow of Faulkners b enthusiastic is the inside(a) dispute a exclusive feels between wizs inborn virtuousistic doctrines and 1s faithfulness to his or her family. This fundament ignore be protracted to any(prenominal) formation which encourages or demands actions of an man-to-man that contest with a roundbodys moral beliefs for display case the fiction could curb to an individual whose employer demands he or she do some lowly or flagitious in wizards job.Faulkner wrote this fiction in the trinity person. The teller has modified knowledge, conditi matchlessd Sartys, the briny characters thoughts, scarce non the thoughts of differents. The boorish southeasterly and an unspecified meat of fourth dimension after the genteel fight put up the settee for the floor.Faulkner make blanket(a) character of simile in the story. He writes near a measure that no lengthy runs only has been stuck at 214 for years. This is an interpretation that although Sarty has hopes that his let get out transport, there is no change in the familys brio and his get down give stop the same. They go out last out to relocation oft and his get get out forever and a day stimulate an plea to edit out barns. Sarty compares the finishing of the abundant unclouded washrag family where the de Spains anticipate with a court polarity.This represents Sartys belief in referee and truth. This is in crisply line of reasoning to twain the unpainted, subatomic ho make use of in use(p) by Sartys family and the ludicrous unrelenting come out Abner Sarty wears. The ignominious rubric is the foeman of the purity that represents judge and truth. The coat is compressed suggesting that Abner repellent to change, reinforcing the parable leave aloned by the nonworking clock.By having the master(prenominal) character, Sarty, cease his family at the culmination of the story, Faulkner appears to hope that obeying whizs moral sense is to a greater extent historic than loyalty to ones family, employer, country, or other entity. Faulkners use of resourcefulness and the imperishable division of barn intense provide a story that is and should be contemplate by bulk everywhere.

Barangay Management Information System

More special(prenominal) tout ensembley, what is a communicate? Its a acting(prenominal) group use designed to advance a eccentric product, service or result. A contrive is temporary in that it has a delimit beginning and intercept in time, and thusly defined backcloth and resources. And a hear is unique in that it is not a routine operation, scarce a specific set of operations designed to fulfill a eccentric goal.So a image team practic all(prenominal)y includes people who outweart usually work in concert sometimes from divers(prenominal) organizations and across aggregate geographies. The development of computer software for an improved railway line process, the construction of a building or bridge, the relief confinement after a natural disaster, the expansion of sales into a new geographical market all are projects. And all must be expertly managed to turn out the on-time, on-budget results, learning and consolidation that organizations need. compute tensioning, then, is the employment of friendship, skills and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently.Its a strategic skill for organizations, enabling them to slumberer project results to telephone line goals and thus, better struggle in their markets. It has eternally been practiced informally, entirely began to emerge as a searching profession in the mid-20th century. PMIs A Guide to the Project Management physical structure of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) identifies its pass off elements Project wariness processes fall into pentad groupsInitiatingPlanningExecutingMonitoring and ControllingClosingProject management knowledge draws on social club areasIntegrationScopeTimeCostQualityProcurementHuman resourcesCommunicationsRisk managementAll management is concerned with these, of course. But project management brings a unique counseling shaped by the goals, resources and schedule of each(prenominal) project. The value of that focus is proved by th e rapid, worldwide growth of project management as a recognized and strategic organizational competenceas a subject for didactics and education as a career path.

Firstly develop a comprehensive and detailed model of ways in which Essay

Firstly develop a comprehensive and detailed model of ways in which individuals differ,and support the categories of differences you rush chosen with some kind - Essay ExampleDifference behind be of income, wealth, power, life expectancy, intellectual caliber, sex, colour, and race in dissimilar attributes. There tolerate be inequalities with in a group. It is very important that we measure these inequalities of population by enlisting and analyzing their attributes. (http//www-personal.umd.umich.edu/delittle/Encyclopedia%20entries/inequality%20measurement.pdf)No two persons are natural exactly alike but each differs from the other in natural endowments, one being suited for one occupation and the other for some other. People can be different in their thinking, feeling and behaviour. No two persons can be same but at the same time they cant be totally unlike. So, it is very important to find ways of judging how people psychologically resemble and the variance of psychological f eatures among them.On the basis of different intelligence and personality traits, people can be classified to a limited extent as they have complex characters resulting in contrasting and opposition theories and proof thereof. Historically, human beings differ on gender, intelligence and personality traits. Men had been hunters while women gatherers. Some castes and classes possess sharp intellect than others. Education also helps in inculcating intellectual virtues, as intelligence is the most important individual difference based on cognitive capacity to think, reason, learn and adapt specific jobs form different personality traits. Personality has been defined as the supreme realization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a living being. It is an act of high courage flung in the face of life, the absolute affirmation of all that constitutes the individual, the most successful adaptation to the universal condition of existence coupled with the greatest possible freedom for self-deter mination.- Carl Gustav Jung, 1934Surowiecki has added another dimension to

Auditing & Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Auditing & Accounting Ethics - Essay ExampleThe concept of tender independence during this age did not conceive of auditors as advocates for audited entities British investors explicitly forbade auditors from investing or working in the businesses that they audited. At the same period, as long as auditors retained their primary loyalty to the investors back home, the scope of professional accounting services could be reasonably broad. For example, auditors were permitted to keep the books and prepare the financial statements for the entities they audited (Hayes, Dassen, 2005 p.87).At the same time that independence requirements are becoming increasingly important, the auditing profession is tilting a changing landscape that is requiring the profession to face complex and difficult issues. Two of these changes have particular proposition relevance for auditor independence First, there has been a dramatic escalation in competition to obtain and hold onto auditing business. And secon d, auditors now often find themselves part of Brobdingnagian national (even multinational) organizations that offer a literal supermarket of nonaudit services and present greater opportunities for potential conflicts of interest. Let me discuss each of these phenomena in turn (Hayes, Dassen, 2005 p.87-88).An honest auditor will behave like someone who is independent, using independence to mean an attitude of mind that does not allow the viewpoints and conclusions of its possessor to become reliant on or subordinate to the influence and pressures of conflicting interests.There is an expectation that the auditor will have performed an audit that will have reduced the chances of a roaring negligence lawsuit to a level acceptable to the auditor. In the language of economics, the auditor will perform audit work until the cost of undertaking more than work is equal to the benefit the auditor derives in terms of the reduction in the risk of a successful lawsuit being possible. This then represents the tokenish amount of work that the reader can expect the auditor to perform. However, all auditors are individuals with distinguishable attitudes to risk and return and so one auditors minimum monetary standard of audit work will not necessarily be that of a colleague (Hayes, Dassen, 2005 p.88).This economic argument, while logical, would be unsustainable if certain auditors took advantage of the general self-reliance regarding auditor independence in order to obtain increased market share. In other words, for the economic argument to be effective, complete compliance with the belief of auditor independence would be required.In a general sense, auditor independence has borne a relationship to the prevailing commercial environment in different time periods.

Learning Assessment System Assignments (LASAs) Research Paper

Learning Assessment System Assignments (LASAs) - Research Paper ExampleIn classrooms with the expend of learning assessment, students are aware of what they are expected to learn in a unit of study. It is this realization that makes learning assessment system critical in education systems. Learning assessment system is a tool that measures whether a student has learnt what he or she was expected to learn after a sure period of time (Woollard, 2010). The system entails assessment that is accompanied by a letter grade or number. It besides entails comparing a students performance with set standards, as well as communication of results to the parents and students. There are spectrums of learning theories that consist of many ways or approaches to explain how military personnel and students in particular learn (Porter and Lacey, 2005). This paper will discuss Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development Theory and Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In particular, it will compare an d contrast these two theories and thereafter provide an argument to support the adoption of each theory to the PK-12 classroom when planning learning opportunities for students. equate and contrast Vygotskys theory of zone of proximal development to Gardners theory of multiple intelligences. ... This theory views interaction with clear or more capable peers as an effective way of developing strategies and skills. It suggests that teachers use cooperative learning exercises where children who are less fitting develop with the assistance of peers who are more competent and skillful that is, inside the proximal development zone (Chaiklin, 2003). Vygotsky who was the main proponent of this theory believed that when a student is at the Zone of Proximal Development for a given task, provision of the appropriate assistance will give the student sufficient boost to achieve the task at hand (Berry, 2008). He also believed that once the student has benefitted from the appropriate assistanc e and has mastered the task, then the assistance can be removed and the student is able to achieve the task once again on his own (Vygotsky, 1978). The propositions of this theory were informed by the believe by some of the educational professions who included Vygotsky that the role of education was to provide children with experiences that are within their ZPD, therefore enhancing and encouraging their individual learning. Mayer (2008) notes that the ZPD theory defines functions that are yet to mature, but are in the maturing process. This theory was developed to argue against the conventional means of find out students intelligence. In other words, it was developed to argue against the use of knowledge-based and academic tests as a way of gauging the intelligence of students. According to this theory, the students intelligence cannot be determined by examining whet he knows instead, it argues that it is better to independently examine students ability to solve problems, as well

Astro All Asia Networks ( DBA CONSULTANCY ) Assignment

Astro All Asia Networks ( DBA CONSULTANCY ) - Assignment ExampleAstro withal runs production of films and its line of products ranges from commissioning and distribution of films. Its subsidiary Celestial Pictures own the largest film library in China. At present, Astro All Asia Networks is looking to expand its cable in frolic and media markets of the growing markets in Asia where there are ample scope of market penetration. Astro move over invested in a joint venture of DTH services in India where the attach to envisages opportunity for growth. Apart from the opportunities, the threat to the troupe and concerns over its current positions are also important to field of honor. Rationale of pick up The rationale of the study is to examine the strategies of the Astro All Asia Networks in promoting its prospects of short term and long term growth. The current position of the company and the strategic methods of alliance for entering the foreign markets could be discovered with t he help of this study. The study also provides an insight on the political, environmental, social, technological, economic and legal risk to which the company is exposed in its current business position. The strength, weakness, opportunities and threats to Astro could be analyzed with the help of this study. Significance of Study The significance of the study on Astro All Asia Networks and its current business position is that the performance of the company and its current position could be used to get an understanding of the position of media and entertainment industry. The threat of substitute products and services of the Astro could be analyzed with the help of this study. The emerging trends in the media and entertainment industry of Astro would provide information on the competitive market scenario. The current situation of Astros business could be analyzed to find the potential threats of the new market in the under-penetrated markets of Asia. Apart from this information on th e bargaining power of the suppliers and the customers could also be obtained. Objectives of Study The objective of this study is to provide an insight to the managers of the concerns of the company, the emerging risks and threats to the business of the company. The study is aimed at investigating the threats of Astros business like the probabilities of convergence its businesses of digital media and entertainment with the business of computers, laptops and note books. The threats of World Wide Web to the business of Astro are also examined. The threats of mobile networks on the business of Astro are also examined with the help of this study. The study is also aimed at exploring possible weakness in terms of political, social and environmental exposure in the foreign markets for expansion activity. The technological, economic and legal challenges for Astro in its current situation are also investigated with the help of this study. Scope and Limitation of Study The scope of this study is that it provides an insight on the opportunities of expansion of Astro All Asia Networks in Malaysia as well as in the under-penetrated markets of Asia. The possibilities for stabilization of acquisition cost of subscriber through its quality of services helps to judge the prospects of profitability of the company. T

Comparative Analysis of World War II and the Cold War Essay

Comparative Analysis of World War II and the refrigerated War - Essay ExampleThe struggle was divided between the Germany and its allies known as the Axis and the United Kingdom and its allies known as the Allies.2 The Cold War began at the tightlipped of World War II and endured until the early 1990s.3Although two entirely different types of conflicts both the Cold War and World War II posed a threat to Western democracy. In both conflicts there was a fair balance in terms of wealth and military capabilities. It touch on an aligning of enemies and allies. However, impertinent the Second World War, the opposing sides did not meet on the battle field and a winner was never declared.4 Moreover, the Second World War involved only one front. That front was a military front. However, the Cold War involved several fronts, they wereBoth conflicts invariably involved the advancement and suppression of semipolitical ideologies. Nazi Germany and its allies opposed Westernization and wish ed to promote Hitlers political culture while the West had no desire to give in to the demise of Westernization. The Cold War involved an identical clash of opposing political visions between the United States and her allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The following discussion examines in great details the similarities and differences that fueled both the Cold War and the Second World War.In June of 1941 World War II continued to spread when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Pre-existing relations between the Soviet Union and the Unite States as well as Great Britain was characterized by hostility and mistrust. Despite these differences the United States came to the Soviets aide via its Lend-Lease Act of March, 1941. During this time the Soviet Union was led by Joseph Stalin while the United States was led by President Franklin Roosevelt.6 with the auspices of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941, the US and Soviet corporation was most visible. This hand of friendship

Communication theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication theory - Essay ExampleWith clearer concepts and objective understanding of matters, people are in a rectify position to play their individualistic and collective roles in the development of a civilized society. In most of the organizations in the contemporary age, communication with confidence and sureness has become quite critical (Holmes, 2011). The organization in which I work is to much extent, a functional organization where polar departments have well delimit responsibilities, so people from different departments do not usually interact with one another. In addition to the organization having a functional organization structure, in that location were several other factors that have played their role in discouraging interaction among employees. Such factors included but were not limited to differences of gender, age and culture. Employees from different culture have had presumed conceptions slightly their coworkers from different cultures and would not change their conceptions in the organizational context. Also, employees from opposite genders would hesitate to communicate with one another. This was giving rise to social conflicts with various employees assuming irrational things about one another as a result of lack of communication until the new project manager brought about some drastic changes in the system of flow of communication within the organization.

Business FinanceEconomic Term Paper & Topics Assignment

Business FinanceEconomic Term Paper & Topics - Assignment Example and so investors were discouraged to invest their money in productive ventures. This situation adversely impacted the circulation of money in the economy and further impeded economic growth. Reports demo that a large number of investors lost their millions of money as a result of the recessionary pressures. This paper will explore the types of investment people should require during recession to avoid huge financial losses.Investors can reduce risk and uncertainty associated with their investments during recession by paying specific attention to investment strategies. In a recessionary situation, cash is considered as the king both for businesses and individuals, and therefore people must be increasingly vigilant while investing in various types of liquid, cash accounts. Based on an investors portfolio and financial needs, he can enhance the portfolio with more cash militia such as thrift accounts, money market acc ounts, and short maturity certificates of deposits. While going on with this type of investment, investors must ensure that there is sufficient liquid cash reserves left to meet their three to six months expenses.According to the E-PersonalFinance.com, investing in evergreen industries and sectors is a dominance investment strategy during the time of recession because consumer get hold of in those industries or sectors would remain almost stable even during tough economic times. The potential benefit of preferring evergreen industries and sectors for investment is that those sectors would quickly come confirm to normal condition and achieve a staggering growth rate once the recessionary pressures are off. Pharmaceutical industry is a good example. It is open that people will continue to buy medicines and other necessary health products and services whatever the economic condition is (E-PersonalFinance.com). The energy sector is really potential for investment during recession as energy or power is an

Do not need to divide it Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Do not need to divide it - Coursework ExampleIf it is used to inject an account object, it is known as the scene of action container. In veritable cases it is used to indicate the Windows structure by means of the concerned directory. (Schmidt 2008) The domain structure has g champion through various changes and the environment and structure of Windows has changed when compared to the past. The domain structure depends on the operating system and hence the domain structure must be modify each time the operating system is changed. Windows domain is completely different from that of other operating systems. Initially domains had the ability to store the user accounts pertaining to a company. further this often led to problems related to data glide path, since the company in a different city was deprived of its chances to access the required data. (Tiensivu 2008) In this stage, Microsoft altered the usance of domains by introducing domain trusts that helped in the easy access of data. The domain trusts help the employees to access the data only if they are directed form a certain domain source. In this case, the domain which allows the access is known as trusting domain. In the initial stages of development, domains were individual components that were isolated from each other. The changes in the Windows environment changed the stallion structure of domain and created a separate structure for these domains. The Windows NT domain structure is completely different from that of Windows 2000, 2003 or 2008. (Posev 2007) The use of domains does not end with database account commission instead they are also used for resource management. The domain structure includes domain controllers and domain name spaces. country names are initialized by the Domain Name Servers (DNS) which acts as an intermediary between the systems in a network. The use of domains and their structure varies according to the operating system. (Comer 2006) Domain Structure The domain struct ure is still of several domains where they are considered in a hierarchical pattern. The domains are grouped into a single(a) tree with a root domain. Even a single domain can be made into a tree by including the sub domains from other systems. If the numbers of domains are more, then they are treated as a forest where the first domain is known as forest root. The domain trusts also form a part of the domain structure. In wide-eyed terms domain trusts are described as the relationship between two different domains. (McNab 2007) The trust relationship might be either one way where one domain permits the users to access another domain, or two ways where users have the accessibility to both the domains involved in the trust relationship. piece of Domain Structure Windows 2008 allows both one way and two way trust relationship between the domains. In this way it is advantageous, since the users can have an access to both the databases. Cross link, transitive and explicit are the oth er types of trust relationships that can be established between the domains. The next important aspect of domain structure is the domain controller. The domain member of a tree can be made as a domain controller by specifying certain commands. This domain controller manages the other domains in the system. It ensures that the domains perform their operations in a proper manner. (McClure 2009) Windows operating system uses Primary Data Controller(PDC) (McNab, 2007) which controls the entire operations of the domains included in the system structure. Windows can

Target Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

hindquarters gage - Essay ExampleThe full name of the retail store known as show is bespeak Corporation. This name came to be known in 1962. propose Corporation has a main render located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The main headquarters is located right downtown. Other smaller offices are also located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The state of Arizona is home to the m unrivalledtary headquarters for Target Corporation. Target Corporation also has two banks that are located in Sioux Falls, North Dakota and Salt Lake City, Utah (Target2011). These many different headquarters allow for bearing to provide appropriate customer service and financing. Target Corporation was not always known as the Target that is today. The first Target store was opened in the 1900s and named Good fellows. Good fellows produced dry goods. The store was located in downtown Minneapolis. It wasnt long before the alliance became known as the Dayton Company. Later in the 1960s the first Target store was ope ned. The store was located in Roseville, Minnesota. The store quickly became popular and grow to the now known Target Corporation. This rapid growth came from a strong founder. The founder of Target Corporation is George Dayton. George Dayton was born in 1857. George was born in hot York. Throughout his career he stumbled upon a retail store that his bank had foreclosed on (Soylent Communications 2011). This business venture was the start of many other additions. George acquired more than popular retail stores such as Mervyns, Hudsons and marshall Fields. These many retail mergers led to the current Target Corporation. These mergers also proved the strength that Target Corporation has. Georges determination allowed him to become a successful business man and build Target Corporation to what it is today. The original business of Target Corporation was a Dry Goods retail store. It wasnt long before the Good Fellow Dry Goods Company became known as one of the number one suppliers o f retail goods. Products originally sold were retail items like other department stores. Target Corporation sells various products. Products range from childrens clothing, preserve goods, jewelry and electronics. Target Corporation is a one stop shop for popular products. Target Corporations owns a majority of manufacturing facilities that help keep the price of goods low. The Target Corporation has a history as many different companies. Target Corporation is responsible for the Merger of many popular retail chains. In 1956, Target Corporation was responsible for the very first shop center that had two different shopping levels. This new shopping center became the new face of shopping centers in America. Soon after Target Corporations two story shopping center, many similar shopping centers such as malls were spreading throughout the country. The target store was the first of its kind. The Target store of 1962 was able to offer discounted retail items. Offering discounted items mad e Target a popular retail chain. The 1960s and 1970s were huge decades for Target Corporation. During this time, there were large mergers and the announcement of Target Corporations entering into the stock market. Another merger with Marshall Fields later took stance in the 1990s. This final merger allowed Target Corporation to become huge generating over $30 billion dollars (Target2011). The success of Target stores led to the sale of Marshall Field

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sociology - Essay ExampleBusiness thunder mugnot operate anymore by plainly imposing their own culture in the workplace as well as to the customers. One important element of culture is language. Language is not just now words, objects or symbols. In fact, language embodies the value systems of a group of people. There is an established communication process in a certain culture that essential be observed. For use, the case of Chevy Nova which was a real blunder because the company failed to understand the context of the word in Latin America. An different glaring example of wrongly communicating a product to the public was Pepsi-Colas campaign that offended the Chinese people. People have deep reverence for ancestors and did not exigency any form of disrespect for their ancestors coming back from the grave. Usually, western cultures ilk that of the United States use euphemisms or symbols in their language. This creates miscommunication that puts the companys products in a bad light. If Jerrys company would like to succeed in their overseas venture, then they should consult locals who are expert in marketing and media relations so their messages would sound appropriate to the public. Bartels study has established the fact that the highest learning comes from interaction among global teams. Each culture has its own strengths that can be tackle so people can work productively. The case of the guy who worked with Russians show that some cultures respect hard work. It is indeed hard to acquire the trust and boldness of another culture because they have different values systems. The first step then could be working hard and showing that you mean business. On the other hand, the company should be firm yet considerate of its external environment. Shariff was right when he stated that simple things such as table manners can turn away clients resulting to lost income. It is very important for officers or managers assigned on an overseas assignment to study the c ulture of the country before making any policies or programs. A slight error can be costly as the case of Wal-Marts pull out in Germany be the company 2 billion dollars. A good example of a company that succeeded is Mitsubishi because it imposes an international policy in the company that promotes to workers the value of ethnical border and respect for other human rights. Jerry can begin creating a committee that can formulate similar policies to start things right. Perhaps, seeking specialists in this area is a good idea as well as studying Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions for every country that they would expand. Hofstedes study is valuable to people like Jerry to understand how and why certain groups of people act. For example, the Japanese highly value team work and frowns upon personal pride. Sales teams can be reworked in a way that it would promote teamwork in Japan rather than give the best salesperson lavish praises. Jerry and the committee can look for international compani es that have models of cultural tolerance in the workplace. Jerry should not be afraid of expanding although he has heard of many negative reports of big businesses like Wal-Mart and Starbucks failing in another country. Instead, he can use these cases to prevent his company from following the same footstep. In the case of Starbucks in Australia, the company failed because at the very start of planning, the company canvas only the business using a quantitative approach. It definitely created feasibility and

Buddhist Discourses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buddhist Discourses - Essay ExampleFirstly the conversation centers upon external and internal anxieties see by a person. Buddha says that the anxiety about something non-existent externally can be vanquish by the realization that the possession of things is impermanent (Early Discourses, 110). What mine was before is non certainly mine now. If a person understands this truth, he will have no external anxiety. Also a person who thinks he will have a permanent thing and remain so for eternity after death becomes anxious if he is exposed to the dhamma as taught by the tathagata or his disciple. The educational activity eliminates all standpoints of speculative views which involve obstinacy, favoritism, and possessiveness, produces an effect of calming of all dispositions to actions, forsakes all attachments, and destroys craving (Early Discourses, 110). The teaching is for nibbana, the complete freedom from suffering. This internal anxiety could be overcome if the person does not think he will be permanent and then expose himself to the teaching. At the end of this part of the conversation, the disciples do not appear to continue their quest for solution to the anxiety. Buddha simply starts asking questions about permanency of things. It was not clear how the internal anxiety could be overcome, meaning the process of remotion of the anxiety.

Argument paper, against Obamas health plan Essay

Argument paper, against Obamas health plan - Essay ExampleHowever, the so called reform will have far reaching adverse effect on the nations socio-economic features.To begin with, Obamas plan offers a existence insurance firm in the form of a cooperative which will command affordable health insurance coverage for all, irrespective of age, sex or risk factors (The Obama Plan). Obviously, a subsidized coverage option will enhance earthly concern interest, which is expected to beat private insurance companies. Since The United States spends a higher proportion of its gross domestic products on health occupy services, Mr. Obama thinks that his plan would help quite a little save considerable amount of their healthcare expense every year. Although it seems to be significant, the ultimate effect of premium deduction and subsidies inevitably result in value hike. The President puts an estimate of $900 billion as ten year cost limit for the proposed package whereas, experts believe that it would exceed $1 trillion (Pear R., Calmes J., 9 Sept., 2009)Mr.Obama reiterates that the public insurance will only be an option and people will have the freedom to choose private plan if they think it suits them. Although he says that the judicature will not administer the health care system, his plan has all features of single payer system. For instance, regarding the high risk pool he says for those Americans who cant get insurance today because they have pre-existing medical conditions, we will immediately offer low cost coverage that will protect you against pecuniary ruin if you become seriously ill. (Pear R., Calmes J., 9 Sept., 2009). Under this system people have almost complete medical coverage and free access to healthcare. This admission will plunge the public insurance firm into big loss.In addition, this concept of socialized medicine is against the social privileges of the U.S. citizens. Regardless of its high cost, the U.S. health care system is highly compete nt and people have the

TopShop - The Marketing Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TopShop - The Marketing Story - Essay Example way of life customers ar ever demanding for something new, original and creative for a marketer it is very tough and demanding to provide for. TopShop a leading UK chain of fashion clothing and accessories which caters for this need for the highly fashion conscious market. This store has risen to cult status and is one leading brand name in high street fashion. What makes TopShop click? TopShop implements in-your-face marketing strategies. It is constantly there in the minds of people. The positioning is extremely strong. Marketing strategies have to be designed and modified according to the market conditions.This is required for the mastery of the strategies. We are going to analyse the designing and implementation of various marketing strategies as per the changing external environment. Let us look into history of TopShop. TopShop was launched in 1964. It is a branch of Arcadia group. It started with a concept of high end fashion. To day TopShop doesnt attract only high end workshoppers. It is a fashion endpoint for ramp and catwalk fashion seekers as well. It is an resplendent example of high end meets catwalk. The flagship store is located at oxford circus with a whopping 90,000 square feet field of force where the daily footfall is 200 000 and more customers and almost more than half of them shop something or the other in the other. Marketing Strategies implemented by TopShop 1. logical system of high end meets catwalk Catwalk fashion is inaccessible, not wearable and expensive for a common fashion seeker. Combining the cost and the cuts makes TopShop click. This enables to provide for maximum fresh looks in a given season for the shop and increases sales. 2. Cost TopShop costs are perfectly balanced, not being cheap and not being expensive either. 3. any in one obtain experience TopShop provides accessories, bags, shoes, etc. under one roof. For mens shopping it provides game zones, relaxing zones etc. So shopping is not perceived as a cumbersome and compulsory activity as usually perceived by men. 4. Supply matching with the demand Fashion marketer needs to cater the market at a top speed. TopShop keeps pace with the demand by aggressive supply to the shops and chain it has set up. 5. personalised services TopShop has set up personalised advisors for guiding fashion seekers. Topshop takes pride in the fact that these style advisors are like walking catalogues on the shop and are available for help. 6. Celebrity branding TopShop has always roped in celebrities like Kate Moss, Beyonce, Victoria Beckham for its promotion adding to the glamour quotient of the shop 7. Supporting new designers TopShop supports upcoming designers to character their work. This gives the shop an advantage of setting new trends in the market with fresh cheerful designs PEST Analysis for TopShop This analysis is used for analysing external factors affecting an organization. wholly the marketing strategie s mentioned above have helped TopShop set up in the domestic environment. As confirmed by SWOT analysis and life cycle curve, TopShop today needs to look beyond the national boundaries. TopShop with its aggressive expansion plan has already stated that it intends to move abroad for an excellent kick upstairsth opportunity. Let us analyse TopShops current marketing strategies with respect to the external environment of emerging economies where TopShop is set to expand 1. Political factors Description For business to survive, sustain and grow a stable governmental environment is required. The degree on intervention a government will have in businesses and economy also makes a difference for the business. Political decisions make or mar the businesses. What is also needed to be seen is the development of infrastructure and education of the workforce, both directly connected with the political factor in PESTEL affecting businesses. UK Political environment is stable. TopShop has seen various governments coming from the headquarters of Conservative or Labour Party. However the government has managed to provide excellent

Technology Assessment Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

engineering science Assessment Plan - Research Paper Example1.2 IT heed Structure The IT management structures comprises of for management posts with hierarchical functional delegation flow from top down ward. The management consist of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) as Todd Hoppens Chief Information Officer(CIO) as Jared Campbell Chief Technical Officer (CTO) as Felix Yanez and finally IT VP as Nicholas Williams. Apart from the management team, there are implementation teams or IT experts that execute the engine room stick out. A reporting chart 1.3 Technology Plan Goals A technology roadmap is a plan that complement short-term and long-term objectives with small technology solutions to assist meet those goals or objectives. It is a strategy that is applicable to a new product or procedure, or to an up-and-coming technology. Technology is really dynamic and ToJa & FeNi Corporation cannot remain on business if they do not capture new innovation of chocolate production. The object ive of this plan is to recognize the IT foot requirements for the next 2 years for ToJa & FeNi Corporation by providing (Bolan, & Cullin, 2007) An inventory of current technology assets. IT Infrastructure documentation identifying future needs. A prioritized plan, including a budget, for addressing these needs. 1.4 Plan check over The technology plan is a responsibility of the ToJa & FeNi Corporation management and IT department. The CEO, CIO, CTO and IT VP are responsible for the plan execution. Technological review and update must be through with(p) as soon as a new technology emerges. So the company must always budget for technology upgrade. Innovation subsection must be created to assess technologies emergence and advise the management with proper recommendation. 2 Executive Summary The technology plan strategy of ToJa & FeNi Corporation involves defining the social technology strategy identifying the requirement design, develop and purchase necessary technology implement and train the staffs and finally maintaining and continue learning. Technology plan is essential for the maturation of the business. By focusing on its strengths, its major customers, and the fundamental values necessary, ToJa & FeNi Corporation will augment sales progressively in its first two years after technology implementation, while also sustaining the gross margin on sales, with a focus oncash management and working capital. This technology plan leads the way. It renovates the companys vision and strategic focus adding value to the target market share, and reinforcing connections with businesses in the local markets. It also provides the step-by-step plan for enhancing sales, production, gross margin, and profitability. Technology plan enhances the connection with relevant stakeholders through networking. Technology advances is the background and basis of any business progress thus the need for ToJa & FeNi Corporation to handle technology plan. The executive management must embrace the fact that technology is dynamic and need to be continues and planned for. Launched confectionary products are manufactured with the usage of the cut beach technologies. Modern high capability equipment,strict devotion to the production technologies, only high excellence raw materials ensures

All characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are lonely Essay Example for Free

wholly characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are lonely essayAll characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are either lonely, bored or in need of escaping from the soulless existence of the itinerant labour. It is based on a society of men leading empty lives, trapped in a lonely life, consisting mainly of hard physical work. There was not copious happiness, love and affection in their lives. The novel is set in California, the Southern states of the States, in the 1930s around the quantify of the Great Depression. The banquet is based in Soledad which is the Spanish word for Loneliness. The bunkhouse that the men sleep and live in is a long and rectangular building.The w eachs are white washed and the floor unpainted. In collar of the four w totallys are small, firm windows. In the fourth one was a solid door with a wooden latch. There are eight bunks, all with a nailed apple box over them with the opening forth. This made two small shelves for the personal belongings of each bed covering hand occupying the certain bunk. On these shelves were little articles, soap, razors, talcum powder, Western magazines, medicines, little vials, combs and a few neckties. There was also a black cast iron stove, and a big square table in the centre of the room, with scattered playing cards across it, and surrounding the table were boxes for the men to sit on. The bunkhouse also had lice and roaches in itCarlson and the some other ranch hands all dream of owning their own land and living and working from this, chairing in wealth and happiness. This was k nowadaysn as the American Dream, this is shown as an opportunity to all people no matter how rich or poor they are. There is a lot of government propaganda, informing people that if they work hard and conjure their ambitions to the limit, they can make this dream reality. besides they all knew, no matter how hard they worked or how successful they were, it was very marvelous of this dream perpetually sight ly reality. Their way of escaping this disappointment was to collect their fifty bucks at the eradicate of the month and of a weekend spend all of it on women and alcohol, usually at the nighest cat-house. During the week they play cards games or horseshoes.Crooks is very lonely, this is due to the fact that he is coloured and everyone knows him as a nigger He is treated solely differently to all the others, an outsider. He is also crippled, afterward a horse kicked him and severely damaged his back. In the 1930s it was very racist in America and the coloured people werent allowed to speak up or were too fright to defend themselves in fear of what the white people would do to them. This is the situation Crooks is in. However he is the simply coloured person at the ranch, so he has to accept all racial comments on his own. He has his own separate room, which isnt til now a room it is a shed that leans bump off the side of the bacillus wall.He is isolated from everyone else, therefore unable to socialise. On one occasion Lennie entered the barn to see his pup. He saw Crooks light shining and stood in the doorway of Crooks room. Crooks saw him and said sharply you got no dependable to come in my room. This heres my room. null got any right in here, but me. He and so followed with I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and you aint wanted in my room, they play cards in there, but I cant play because Im black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you all of you stink to me. Crooks reads to amuse himself when he has nothing better to do. This keeps his mind off of the atmosphere and situation he is surrounded by in his everyday life.Curleys wife is perhaps one of the loneliest characters, trapped in her strict and original womans/wifes role. Her nonchalant routine just ever consists of her doing housework, such as cooking Curleys dinner, washing Curleys clothes, making Curleys bed, cleaning Curleys house, etc. If Curley catches her talking to the ranch hands he is evermore very annoyed by it, she is to stay in the house. She is known as Curleys wife, no one knows her name so they cannot call her by it. One time when she enters the bunkhouse and begins to talk to the ranch hands, Crooks suggests Maybe you better go along to your own house now. We dont want no trouble. It is this idea that she is trouble that makes Curleys wife so vacate and angry. Well, I aint giving you no trouble.Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? Having a husband even makes her loneliness worse, because Curley is so strict about(predicate) whom she socialises with and what she does. She calls him sarcastically a gallant guy, who Spends all his time sayin what hes gonna do to guys he dont like, and he dont like nobody. Curleys wife tries to escape her loneliness and sadness by dreaming of being an actress or a model. She had been offered the chance before I tell you I could of went with shows An a guy tol me he could put me in pitchers. Curleys wife is also very good at flirting, this attracts male attention. Therefore just for a moment she is listened to and is the centre of attention, this moment matters so much to her because she is being paid attention to for once, that she makes a very shitty habit of it. However the ranch hands take up got used to her scheming ways and do not want to risk getting canned because of a tart.However Lennie and George are different to the other ranch hands, they may live a lonely existence, but they have each other. Other than the other ranch hands expressing their feelings about their hopes, dreams, lonely lives etc, George and Lennie are the only characters we really get to know. All other ranch hands havent got a family or anything to look forward to, but it is different with George and Lennie they believe they have a future and as long as they have got each other, it doesnt matter whether they have a family or not. These men love each other. They talk to each other and know that the other cares for them, because George looks after Lennie, and Lennie looks after George. However, George has a much greater job in looking after Lennie, than Lennie has in looking after George.Lennie is a bit of a dunce and is always forgetting things, but George has the brains. They both are physically wholesome built, but Lennie does not realise his own strength sometimes, he is dangerously strong. Lennie is the physical side of the pair, whereas George is the mental. The fact that they have each other gives them more of a chance of success, than the other ranch hands. Lennie loves George to tell him what one-day things will be like.Their dream is to one day buy a little house, with a ten acres, a winmill, a kitchen, an orchard to grow cherries, apples, peaches, cots, nuts, and a few berries, a section on the land to grow alfalfa that Lennie will use to feed the rabbits with, hutches and pens teeming with pigs, chickens, cows, goa ts, cats, pigeons, a wienerwurst and rabbits that Lennie could pet, a smoke house so they could kill the pigs and then smoke it, for smoked ham and bacon etc, and for them to literally live off the fatta the lan. They would only work six or seven hours a day. Lennie likes to pet, smooth, soft, furry things, as a kind of comfort. Other than for George and animals, love and affection are withheld, not only from Lennie, but also for all the ranch hands. This is why they have their own individual comfort or way of escaping from the repetitive daily routine and loneliness. glass over is a dissimilar character from the other ranch hands. He is very lonely and sad. He has no hand, but a very old cover that he cares for very much. This dog is similar to Candy. They are both very old and when Carlson shoots the dog, because it smells, has no teeth, he cannot eat, is stiff with rheumatism, is nearly blind and Carlson thinks it will be better to put the dog out of his ageing misery. Candy wa nts people to treat him once he is canned like this. This is because he wont have no place to go, an he cant get no more jobs. The other ranch hands say that he can replace the dog with one of Lulus pups, but of course that wouldnt be the same, never is anyone or anything the equivalent, everyone and everything is unique. Candy seems to think that when he is dead, people will say the same thing about him.When a new ranch hand comes and replaces him, hell be forgotten. For obvious reasons Candy is upset and hurt by this. It is as if the characteristics of his dog and the way the other men treat the dog, symbolises Candy. Candy wants to join George and Lennie in their dream. Candy has already got three hundred bucks and another fifty coming at the end of the month, when the men get paid. He explains that he aint much good, but I could cook, tend the chickens, and hoe the garden some.Then when George and Lennie get their fifty bucks each at the end of the month, they will have four hun dred and fifty bucks, and although the woman wants six hundred bucks, George thinks she will accept their offer as a deposit and then George will get a job and start to collect the rest, while Candy and Lennie could work on the land as well as treat eggs etc, making more money. This is Candys route of escaping. Everything seems to be falling into place and their dream looks like it could become reality. This is everything a man wants and Candy is thrilled he is part of it.However much their dream looks real, it all ends when Curleys wife tries her old tricks with Lennie. Curleys wife enters the barn, as Lennie sits there mourning over his pup, he has just haply killed George has already warned Lennie about Curleys wife, says she is trouble, so Lennie refuses to talk to her, George says I aint to have nothing to do with you- talk to you or nothing. Curleys wife says in a innocent voice, All the guys got a horse-shoe tenement goin on, so Why cant you talk to me? She eventually persu ades Lennie that it is safe to talk to her. They talk for ages and Lennie tells her how he likes to pet nice things with my fingers, sof things.She tells Lennie to feel right here, on her hair. Lennie was enjoying stroking her hair until she warned him not to muss it up. She then got angry because Lennie wasnt listening to her. She went to pull away and Lennie clasped his fingers tightly in her hair and wouldnt allow go. She began to shout, you let go. Lennie began to get scared because he thought George would hear and go mad. He covered her mouth and nose to prevent her screaming, and continue to beg her to be quiet. She continued to struggle and he shook her. Suddenly her body flopped like a fish. She was dead Lennie ran to the brush that George had told him to hide in when they first arrived in Soledad if he ever got into trouble.When Candy fix Curleys wife dead and told all the ranch hands, they all knew it was Lennie Most of the men wanted to kill Lennie, but George got there first. George knew that Lennie would be scared if half a dozen men ran towards him shooting, but if George was to do it at the back of his head, just like Candys old dog it would be pain free. When George found him, Lennie asked for the story of their dream to be told to him and questioned George why he wasnt mad at him, but obviously if this was Georges last moments with Lennie he didnt want to be mad at him. As George told the story and paused every so often, Lennie would say go on or Gonna do it soon as if he knew what George was about to do and was promote George to get it over and done with. George finally shot Lennie. Lennie jarred forward and the settled peacefully as he lay on the sand.George just sat rigidly and silently n the bank, looking at his hand that had just pulled the trigger disgustedly. George knew it was for the best, where ever they were to go Lennies unrecognised strength would lead to trouble it had already, both in Weed and Soledad. Lennie was trapped by h is strength. Although, Lennie has now been released from pain by no longer being able to kill others and from not getting shot by half a dozen men cruelly, but peacefully by George. The upsetting thing is, that Lennie was so afraid of being alone and away from George, and now he was just that. It was all over George is now free he is no longer trapped by his want of freedom, of constantly looking after Lennie.I think the novel tries to give us the message that people try to lead their lives as successfully as possible, in order to result in the best possible outcome. However this is very hard to succeed. The ranch hands wanted the American Dream to become reality, but is very unlikely and as shown does not happen. The novel gave a very positive view of the American dream, but this is erroneous and does not come true. The chances of finding true, lasting friendship and happiness are also very unlikely as it is always spoilt by misfortune, arguments, inconveniences and sometimes deat h, as in this case.

Media Hype, Racial Profiling, and Good Science Essay Example for Free

Media Hype, Racial profile, and Good Science EssaySummary favorable begins his essay right away, without each(prenominal) sort of formality. The essay begins with favorable laying a foundation for the requirements of good apprehension. After which fortunate spells out the requirements of articles to sell tumescent volumes of newspapers. This latter generates the end point anecdotes. The terminus anecdote is analyzed, scrutinized and concluded as unacceptable due to the evidence relying more on beliefs than details.Thus creating a vicious circle. Gold than highlights the fact that there exists large numbers or web pages, lawsuits, publications and presentations specific bothy directed at the issue. Varying levels of government in the linked States has passed legislation about the issue. Individuals known as experts of ease up been successful writing books and utilize as expert witnesses or consultants on the matter. Departments of been created to address the issue an d conferences devoted to the topic. The American experience has been deemed applicable in Canada.Gold delves into the high social costs involved in the existence and beliefs of the racial profiling anecdotes. The solution is more important than the conception. Gold offers that communication, building trust, transparency and any inappropriate behavior dealt with seriously by the government are requirements to the solution. Gold then goes on to say that the community must also realize that the nefarious whitethorn use any method to escape punishment. Gold comments that racial profiling is a phenomenon that is supposed to exist in Policing.The Toronto sensory faculty claims to have turn up this phenomenon by evidence. This evidence ask to be examined by science. Gold then begins to explore the definition of racial profiling. Sometimes the term is utilize when a handful of officers are bigots. Sometimes it is applied when it counts that the legal philosophy service promotes racism through its training materials. There is no evidence that American policing material is connected to Toronto Police. Profiling is the activeness and racial a subspecies of profiling. Criminal law literature hosts a variety of profiles.As well, police profilers generate ad hoc profiles. Profiling is a junk science involving vague and non-specific characteristics that can be manipulated. There is no scientific merit to profiling. Racial profiling is one-dimensional profiling where the race replaces all other characteristics. Profiling implies to tell us something about an unknown suspect by identifying characteristics. Racial profiling claims to predict the race of a suspect. Claims should recognize the variance amongst reactive and proactive policing.responsive policing is when police seek out a specific gender and race because witnesses described the culprit as much(prenominal). Reactive policing is irrelevant to profiling. Proactive police activity should be the only informat ion used. Statistics on police-minority interactions need to take into consideration the demographics of a given area. Also, are police targeting specific activity due to community concerns in a certain area? It may surprise people to know how much police activity is reactive and how little is proactive. The Toronto Star fails to recognize such issues.The entropy collected by the Toronto Star also fails to make the distinction. Gold then moves into to the claims and conclusions aspect of the essay. Stating that data collected needs something to be compared to or measured against, some sort of baseline. The Toronto Star used general population figures from the last available census. Apparently, using uses such as a baseline in unacceptable in the expert statistical compend. Gold attempts to illustrate that fact that the Toronto Star blundered their way from the statistical analysis without using any accepted criteria.After which Gold suggests that data collection needs to be done under comparable conditions. Gold then moves onto some other publication Wortley and Tanner, and the definition used by them. The term greater levels are brought up, and Gold asks compared to what? Wortley and Tanner utilized surveys to collect their data, which results in an opinions and claims survey. Gold calls such data collection, Anecdotes in bulk. After this, Gold goes on for some time about assumptions and making the leap from report to reality based on anecdotal evidence.Gold implies that the Toronto Star failed to take into consideration population distribution and population concentration of identifiable groups. The Toronto Star assumes that all groups are even distributed amongst throughout the general population. The Toronto Star compares data of an ethnic population to number of arrests for violent crimes in higher. Violent crimes will be a reactive policing perspective with witnesses identifying physical traits of the culprits. Such data cannot be used for profilin g. This was mentioned earlier on in Golds essay.Gold then gives an example of a specific case in the United States where profiling failed the Police investigation. Constant failure to identify criminals using a profile would become apparent with an increase in unsuccessful outcomes. For the conclusion, Gold regurgitates the term junk science and how it is unsuccessful. Then applauds Wortley and Tanner for their cautionary note to have such figures scrutinized by experts and peers before releasing results to the public and that quality control needs to be applied to media discussions on the topic. StrengthsGold does a good job comparing good science with junk science, and how inaccurate the use of junk science will be. Gold quickly defines terms that he continually uses throughout the rest of his essay to assist the reader in following his train of thought. At the beginning of the essay Gold lays the groundwork for what he will discuss throughout the essay. He, quickly lays down his assumption of what racial profiling is and how unlikely that it is used by police. Gold lies out his essay with sections with subtle conclusions being drawn by the end of each.This helps to keep the reader on track as he attempts to dispel the phenomenon known as racial profiling. Hold spends most of his time attacking the foundation of each group or agencies bases for profiling. He uses references and his knowledge of statistical analysis to debunk each idea. Also, Gold uses various examples of how ineffective the outcome would be given each scenario. Gold illustrates how some groups confuse proactive and reactive policing as the same thing, when in fact they are not. He does his best bring that idea several time throughout the essay.Gold is forthcoming with the fact that he was retained by Toronto Police to make submissions on this same very topic. That mention shows that Gold is trying to be honest with the reader. Also, I guess that it aids the read into recognizing that Gold w ould have had to do a far amount of research to make such submissions. The fact that Gold is privately employed and not a government employee may make the reader feel that he is less-biased on this particular topic. Weaknesses At some points during the essay Gold seem to gone off on a tangent.At one point he offers solutions to bridge the gap between government agencies and communities. This is done more than once, and was not relevant to the topic being discussed in the essay. There are a few points where Gold appears to be talking in circles with verbal jargon. I didnt feel those points in his essay resulted in any valid point to validate his argument. It was close as though Gold digressed or lost cogitate for a moment. There are points within the essay where Gold appears to put his personal thoughts in brackets, thereby taking away from his credibility.For most of the essay Gold is trying to prove that the Toronto Star wrote an article without merit or proper research. Near the end of the essay he brings up another writer Wortley and Tanner. I believe that it would have been more effective he had integrated both writings earlier on in the essay. It appears as though Wortley and Tanner, are almost an afterthought. Conclusion I think Gold effectively made his point with this essay. He is credible and knowledgeable, proving his point with examples, scenarios and data.He shows an appreciation for other points of view and illustrates how they may be incorrect based on their data collection. He affectively dissects the definition of the issue and how come groups confuse racism with racial profiling. As well his recognizes the differences between proactive and reactive policing. Gold shows how reactive policing gets generalized by most groups when in fact the investigation is driven by information from independent sources. I believe the weak points in Golds essay are overshadowed by his strong points, resulting in a fair and reasonable conclusion to his argumen t.

Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Renaissance EssayWe mark Italian societys rebirth from the medieval period with the changes that occurred during the Italian Renaissance. Civilization was changing and what we consider the modern world was about to begin. The renaissance activity that happened in Europe outside of Italy is called the Northern European Renaissance. Italys hu humanist ideas and values moved out of Italy and throughout Europe, which spurred on the Northern European Renaissance. The Renaissance period began in the early 14th Century and lasted until the late 16th Century. Renaissance comes from the French word that means rebirth. This time period is named and canvass because of its unique art, literature, and music. It is also known as societys modern age. The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and technological changes which swept Europe from the end of the thirteenth century. It was integral in developing Europe was subjected to different changes there were two primary renaissance which were most nonable. They were the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Both of the renaissance had a profound impact on Europe.But they also had some typical differences among them and each was unique in its own way. Early in the 14th Century, Italian scholars started to study the ancient nuances that preceded them, like those of Greece and the roman letters Empire. This scholarly interest would lead to the Italian Renaissance. Italy and Europe was ready for change after the harrowing destruction of the sour Plague in the Middle Ages. Florence, Italy, was the home of the start of the Renaissance. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, culture, politics, and the arts had only been in decline.Petrarch advocated learning about Italys Latin and Roman history. The Pope and the royalty liked this idea, so other scholars begun to study in the same vein. These scholars valued the accomplishments of the Romans, but they wanted to improve on their society kinda of blindly trying to rec reate the same thing. These scholars wrote books that would stimulate Italians thinking and give them a new purpose. Italy was divided into distinct city-states, which gave them a more modern, and regional, cultural outlook. The city-states thrived, banking increased, and slew became more important.As Italian society became wealthier, they could strengthen their culture and their ideologies became entrenched. Wealthy people had the means to patronize and fund artists. Scientific development spurred Humanism as well as some of historys most important artists. Architecture evolved beyond the Gothic. The Renaissance period is considered the intellectual birth of modern society. Most thinkers were concerned with globe and how to become a good and honorable person. The European, but not Italian, renaissance period is called the Northern European Renaissance.Similar growth in society and culture happened in Northern Europe as occurred in Italy during this time. This architecture did not change munch in the beginning, and did not stray far from the Gothic flair that preceded it. Humanist changes resembling those in Italy also happened in the culture of Northern Europe. The Italian Renaissance focused its questions on humanity and mans ability to grow and develop. The Northern European Renaissance, though, focused on the secular sort out of society and government.As Italian society changed as a result of their Renaissance, the people of Northern Europe became anxious(p) with Rome and the Popes control of their church. They thought that Italian powers had slipped away from traditional, strict, Christian belief and dogma. They began to strive to reform the church. The Italian Renaissance and the Northern European Renaissance did not happen in exactly the same ways. Italy grew and prospered with their city-state governance, while an aristocracy still controlled Northern Europe.Wealthy Italians patronized the arts, while in Northern Europe the arts were funded by the rulers and the church. Renaissance period art was bright and realistic, and the art of the Northern European Renaissance also followed this Italian style. Artists in Italy tended to work on paintings, sculpture, and architecture. In Northern Europe, artists created furniture, tapestries, and manuscripts. Europes laden had a lot of homes they needed a lot of furniture and decorations. Literature in both regions was concerned with humans and humanity.Italians explored the idea that man was rational and decided rationally how to be a good person. Literature in Northern Europe was more concerned with the Catholic Churchs humanity and how to reform the church. Both areas wanted to reform the church Northern Europe was more concerned with religion. Art in the Italian Renaissance was paid for by wealthy people. This art was concerned with nature. This art used a contrast between dark and light, 3D perspective, and human images. Northern European art used same methods as Italian artists , but they were more concerned with depicting religion.Italian art used scenes from religion, mythology, the natural world, and eroticism. Northern European artists made portraits, scenes from the Bible, and tapestries. Aristocrats and the church own most of the artwork. Below and to the left is a tapestry woven during the Northern European Renaissance called The Wedding Dance. This tapestry was made by the artist slit Brueghel from the Netherlands. Not many pieces focused on the lives of everyday people as this one did most were religious in nature instead. The work below and to-the-right is symbolic of the Italian Renaissance. It was pained by Giorgio Vasari.

Physical And Slapstick Comedy Film Studies Essay

Physical And Slapstick Comedy Film Studies EssayEarly film funniness certainly centrees more on physical prank-the slap in the face, the anvil falling on a head kind of gourmandize. With film being silent, you had to focus on body language to convey meaning. Plots were usually ridiculous and as one punch was being set up, another was being knocked-down.When we finally spue sound to film, everything changed. Not only did plot improve, but sound effects added to the mood and tone of a piece. In October, 1927, The Jazz Singer, the first talkie by Warner Brothers, introduced some limited audio. It included the music and some background and sound effects, but no dialogue. It would be another year before dialogue would be included. For one, the technology hadnt been created and many filmmakers and critics, who worried that a focus on dialogue would subvert the unique aesthetic virtues of soundless cinema, (wiki 1). The first feature film to include dialogue was overly a Warner Broth ers film, The Tenderloin, though only 15 of its 88 minutes actually had dialogue, (wiki). Unfortunately for those comedians who made a career in the adult male of silent film, such(prenominal) as Charlie Chaplin and, Anny Ondra, didnt fair well in the talkies.The few who did make the transition flourished. Martin Sills and Al Jolson continued their success, while the Marx Brothers finally shew their niche. Having found fame in Vaudeville, the Marx Brothers came to the silver screen in their first motion picture Cocoanuts (1929). The Brothers always played the same characters, Groucho, Harpo, Chico, and Zeppo and was instantly recognized because of their avant-garde personas. There comedy style was very slap-stick (even violent) and sometimes non-sensical.The fact is, slap-stick comedy is often violent and not equally funny. If you filled a room full of a hundred people and showed them old-comedy reels, not everyone would laugh. At times, I was the person not laughing. I discovere d that the humor had a lot to do with context and background. In one(a) Week, a couple is crossing a train track and narrowly misses being hit by a train. Then, on key, a train hits their stuff from the other direction. Funny stuff, right? Perhaps not if you recently had a friend killed by a train.I paid more attention this semester when ceremonial popular television shows such as Americas Funniest Home Videos. I discovered that I often gasped in disbelief, not laughter. A middle-aged-man acting like a monkey on a trampoline is funny, but Im not sure how him falling off, face first, doesnt make more people think of the life time of checkup bills or rehabilitation he might have to endure. I assume that my background in caring for someone injured and the struggles Ive had with injury have tarnished my expertness to find humor in dangerous situations. The humor might be lost on the few who look at these situational comedies differently.These films (Duck Soup and Slapstick Masters) also pioneered some of the situational comedy that is still popular today. Some of these examples include the anvil on the head, the near-miss train, sayinging the wrong end of beam, etc. When these films were popular, it was the first time people saw these skits and stunts. I would imagine that audiences were in stitches. And, when you look at the seriousness of their come throughs, war, depression, and economic collapse, this type of humor was a welcome break from factory life. They needed that release.My coevals grew up watching full-color, full-access cable and weve seen hundreds of these skits time and time again. I found the old Charlie Chaplin and Marx Brothers routines to be predictable. Basically, Ive seen it before. The mirror routine that the Marx Brothers perform in Duck Soup, Ive seen at least twice, in The Parent Trap and Strictly Business.I have thousands of hours of cartoons catalogued in my brain. The Road Runner and Wylie Coyote used a lot of these slap-stick te chniques such as the classic stick of TNT, with a faulty fuse, that explodes on the initiator.We also have some modern slapstick heros such as Jim Carey and Chevy Chase. And Saturday darkness Live is full of physical comedy and off-color humor. It appears the older I get the more I prefer satire or intellectual comedy. I dont want to be handed the joke I want to work for it. I think the Cohen Brothers share my philosophy and tend to produce dark comedies.The outstanding Lebowski, one of the few Cohen films I was not familiar with, definitely uses satire. The Dude gets roped into a scheme to save Bunny, a near-broke millionaires trophy wife from kidnappers. The Dude was sooner mistaken for the millionaire when a group of thugs came to collect a debt from him. They ruined his rug and the Dude sought out the real Lebowski for restitution. He takes a rug and returns to his flat life, bowling with his inept friends and smoking pot. The film has a huge cast of characters, and each one adds some twist to the plot. In the end, we find that Bunny returns from holiday (unbeknownst to her husband) and Mr. Lebowski turns out to be as crooked as his fake kidnappers. The Dude returns to his normal life and continues to bowl, albeit one friend less. This is the kind of irony-ridden, plot twisting, ridiculousness, I bonnie love and it makes you laugh. Its absurd.We certainly saw a wide-range of comedic works this semester. I was introduced to works Ive never seen, a few I never heard of, and several I would have never watched on my own. I understand a bit more about why people find some thing things ironic while others do not. I also learned more about early American film, and how actors of the day, especially from Vaudeville struggled to make the shift from a live audience to that of paid-patrons of the silver-screen. Comedy is perhaps the hardest type of writing to produce and perhaps the hardest to perform because of the endless variables of the audience. Humor is f ickle, but if you find it, laughter can be timeless.

Twentieth Century Feminism And Womens Rights

Twentieth Century Feminism And Womens RightsFeminism is defined as the theory of the political, economic, and social constituteity of the sexes. Although there were more protests, discussions, writings, and advancements of womens dependables dating back to the leash century B.C., what is known as the womens front line or feminist sweat did not become an organized movement until the mid to late 1800s (11).Three Waves of FeminismA totter metaphor is commonly used to contraryiate the superstar-third main earned run averages in feminism history. However, the metaphor did not come ab proscribed until the beginning of the second era. The term Second Wave Feminism was for the first time sentimental by Marsha Lear (11) in the late 1960s when women of the Womens Liberation cause were looking to separate their cause from the movements associated with the first era (1), so the basis first-wave and second-wave were created at the selfsame(prenominal) time. The use of this forwar d-looking terminology also seemed to revive the movement in the public eye after lying dormant for whatsoever time. Reference to the third wave began to appear in the mid-1980s as discussions and writings on the relationship of racism to feminism began to appear (11).First Wave Feminism, Mid-1800s to 1920The First Wave of feminism was the era spanning from the mid-1800s to 1920, close toly in the United States and the United domain. Focus was mainly on legal rights for women, primarily the right to vote.Legalities in the United States and United KingdomIn the United States, the federal constitution origin in ally had no provision for voting rights, so the decision was left to the individual states. (3) Initially, right to vote was granted in some states to tax payers or property owners only. Women did become property owners in some states as early as 1939 (3). However, in the mid-nineteenth century, provisions were also beingness put in place in most states which expanded enfra nchisement to all free adult males only. This left American women with dickens options to appeal for their rights. They could any appeal to the individual voters in each state to approve legislation, or they could appeal for an amendment to the federal constitution.In Great Britain, women saw trine Reform Acts amidst 1832 and 1884 pass done parliament which all granted suffrage only to men or mens households. (3). The Reform Act of 1832 provided the right to vote to property guardianship middle class men where it had previously been reserved for aristocracy. The Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884 expanded these rights to the male voter within urban and rural households (2) and (5). With these reforms, the British parliament was comfortable that the majority of citizens was represented. British women were now faced with a complex parliamentary process which required that all legislation pass through Parliament three times before it would be considered. Given the contentment of Parli ament that the majority was now represented, this would not be an easy task.Industrial Revolution Brings ChangeUp to the early nineteenth century, women were in the soundplace but primarily as teachers and other such roles that were considered appropriate for women. The onset of the Industrial Revolution gave rise to jobs in factories, mines, and shops from which work related expels also sprang. In the US, various independent get outs of womens rights had arisen close to the nation but not enough to give a voice to all women. It wasnt until the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 that women would run through that voice.Seneca Falls Convention 1848The five women who called for a meeting on July nineteenth and 20th, 1848 in the small town of Seneca Falls, NY did so out of the frustration of their own experiences. Much to their surprise, they would find the support of 300 people, including at least 40 men, who had come from a 50 mile radius to fall upon what they had to say. On that first day of the convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton began to read the Declaration of Independence aloud to the audience from which the Declaration of Principles was born. (6) The Declaration of Sentiments or Declaration of Principles would become the foundation of the Womens Movement for decades to come, and from this moment in history, the Womens Movement began to grow.Organizations Born Out of DivisionThe end of the U.S. Civil warf are brought division among suffrage supporters. In 1869, the American fair sex right to vote Association (AWSA) was formed by those who supported enfranchising black males (15th Amendment) and worked at the state level to gain the right to vote. In the same year, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony formed the landal Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and stood on the platform that all women should be allowed to vote along with black men. This root word focused on federal constitutional changes, the depicted object of equality in general, an d primarily a feminist agenda. In 1890, these two groups were combined to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) with Stanton as its leader. (3)The British movement started around the time of the Second Reform Act. Parliament Member John Stuart Mill made two attempts to ratify the voting rights. In the first attempt, he brought a petition signed by 1500 women to the House of Commons. In the second attempt, he proposed that the wording of the Reform Bill of 1867 be changed to entangle people instead of men. Although both attempts failed, these acts became the catalyst for the creation of several womens committees. As was the case in America, British women were divided on how best to approach the issue of enfranchisement. Northern suffragists were more interested in getting back to basics and campaigning for the cause where London-based suffragists were more interested in strategies of parliament. Some believed in a more gradual approach by suggesting, for exam ple, to start by allowing only unmarried women to vote. While others believed that this type of approach only served to punish those women who were not included. By the end of the century, most of these organizations became part of the umbrella group known as the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) centralized under the leadership of Millicent Garrett Fawcett who was also one of the originators of the first womens organization in Manchester.(3)End of a Century to the Start of WWIThe period between the end of the nineteenth century and the start of World War I saw limited movement in womens rights. This gave women on both sides of the ocean the opportunity to form a kinship in their cause through visiting and writing one another about their disappointments and setbacks. The frustration that ensued from the continued delays also gave rise to a more extreme group that would subsequent be known as the Suffragettes.Extremist MovementsThe term Suffragette was first used a s a derogatory term to describe a radical splinter group within the British womens suffrage movement, lead by Emmeline Pankhurst, called the Womens Social and Political Union (WSPU) (7). Theirs was a group which had resorted to breaking windows and harassment to gain attention for the cause. They would later resort to more militant style acts such as bombings and arson. As these women were imprisoned for their honor breaking tactics, many of the suffragettes would participate in self-imposed hunger strikes. Initially, the government chose to force-feed the women, but this only served to gain public support for the WSPU. In 1913, Parliament implemented the Cat and Mouse Act which allowed for temporary personnel casualty of the hunger strikers who would then be jailed again upon their recovery. (7) However, reincarcerating these women proved to be difficult and again raised further public support for the cause. One of the most famous acts by a Suffragette occurred at the Epsom Derb y in 1913. Emily Davison stepped in front of King George Vs horse and was trampeled in the middle of the race. She would die from her injuries quadruplet geezerhood later. (7)American supporters of the womens suffrage movement chose not to use the term Suffragette primarily because of the negative connotation that came with the term. Alternatively, they chose to use the term suffragists which was more generic and also could be used by male and female supporters of the womens suffrage movement.After World War IThe onset of World War I delayed the womens suffrage movement in both nations as supporters turned their attention to the war efforts. However, this short term concession would lead to long term rewards. In 1917, six states in the U.S. granted women the right to vote in primaries and in municipal and presidential elections. (8) The momentum was building. In 1920, Tennessee would be the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment that gives American women the voting rights that we invoke today.Second Wave Feminism, 1960s through late 1970sIn the United States, women began to become concern about the issue of womens liberation which occurred in the late 1960s. They were disappointed with the secondary status given to womens issues on the left and emboldened by the black power rhetoric that had emerged from the polished rights movement these women decided that its the time for them to take care of their own issues and goals to be heard and show their political concerns. For many of women involved in this movement, the idea those women could work together in the name of women seemed new, exciting, and without much historical precedent. From their perspective, the earlier womens movement of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries seemed removed and without much relevance to the lives and politics of the new breed of feminists. While many women were certainly aware that a womens movement had existed in the previous century, they looked instead towards the N ew Left and civil rights movements of the 1960s as the forerunners to their feminism (m).Second Wave Feminism began in 1960s through 1990s which actually started with the protest against the Miss America pageant in Atlantic City in 1968 and 1969. Compared with the First Wave, the Second Wave was more focused in the anti-war and civil rights movements and the growing self-consciousness of a variety of minority groups around the world. The New Left was on the rise, and the voice of the second wave was increasingly radical. During this period, sexual practice and reproductive rights were dominant issues, and much of the movements energy was focused on sledding the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution and guaranteeing social equality regardless of sex (a).Second Wave Movement in the USA empha sized on three different movements Womens movement, Feminist movement, Womens Liberation Movement. Feminists viewed the second wave era as ending with the intra-feminism dispute Feminist Se x War over issues such as sexuality and pornography. The Second-Wave Feminism title was coined by Marsha Lear when women of the 1960s sought to connect their ideas to those as reasonable, and by then noncontroversial, as the right to vote second wave implied that the first wave of feminism ended in the 1920s. The labels first wave and second wave, then, were created at the same time as a way of negotiating feminist space. These terms gave activist women of the late 60s the double-rhetorical advantage of cultivating new ideas while simultaneously rooting them in older, more established ground. Identifying itself as the second wave revived the movement for the public after seeming to lie dormant for some time. Second wavers are often applauded for paying homage to and drawing from the work of first-wave women, as thoroughly they should be. But they did so for reasons far beyond a sense of patriotic duty to honor their fore sisters. The second-wave attention to womens rights, and more importantly, to womens liberation, emerged seemingly out of nowhere and needed to reestablish itself as neither particularly new nor fleeting. The labeling that linked the two periods of feminist movement was a rhetorical strategy that helped give puff to 60s womens activism and positioned it as a further evolution of earlier and larger movement.In 1963, Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique spoke volumes about the lives that middle-and upper middle-class women were leading. Her arguments affirmed their malaise and move them to cure it by moving out of private and into public space, where no such malaise plagued men (n).Womens Liberation MovementAlso known as Second-Wave Feminism, the Womens Liberation Movement (WLM) was a grassroots movement that lasted from approximately 1960 through the early 1980s, seeking for economic, political, and social equality for women in the Americas and Britain. The WLM in Britain is generally considered to have begun in 1969, when a confederation of local groups formed the Womens Liberation Workshop, followed in 1970 by the establishment of the National Womens Coordinating Committee.Feminists articulated four main areas of concerns equal pay, access to birth controls and abortion, expanding educational opportunity, childcare.The United Nations declared 1975 as the International Year of the Woman and the beginning of a decade for Women (3).Gender Inequality in Laws, Culture, and PoliticsIndustrial feminism doesnt fit into the established categories of American feminist history. There was a popular misconception that feminism was reserved for the middle and upper classes. The four working class women activists, Shavelson, Cohn, Newman and Schneiderman pursued the dream through four strategies that became the blue print for working-class womens activism in 20th century USA (b). By 1960, the size of the female labor force had nearly doubled, now enrolling almost one in three women. The majority of women workers, fully 60 pct, were married, over 40 percent of them were mothers of school-age children, and they most often had secured white-collar rather than industrial jobs. (f).In 1979, a group of smart, strong-willed women, fiercely independent, but recognizing the need for collective action, forged a new organization in New York City, United Tradeswomen (UT). White and black, Hispanic and Asian, UT was also occupationally diverse Entenmann bakery truck drivers, bridge painters, utility workers, firefighters, and hundreds of skilled trades apprentices. From its inception, UT succeeded in providing a space for women to meet and to talk. The majority of women participating in the organization were experiencing significant hardships at work and meeting up with the shield within their unions. UT fell apart in 1985 as internal divisions grew and the commitment of the original organizers waned (g).Womens RightsIn the US, women have adorned American money since the mental hospital of a new nation. Until 1979, tho ugh all women depicted were allegorical representations of republican ideals, such as liberty. The US government created the coin to honor Susan B. Anthony and her efforts to guarantee that American women had the right to vote. The US Mint first released the Anthony dollar on July 2, 1979 in the city in which Anthony resided during her politically active years Rochester, New York (j).Gender portion and FeminismHistorically, gender relations have rarely been linked to war and peace, and sexuality has seldom been a component of national security. But in the worldwide War of Ideas, womens oppression and ideological marginalization are ingredients not to be ignored. Womens particular position with children and overseeing the very first steps of education gives them an incredible potential drop power to initiate and impact massive intellectual change. Taboos about sexual relations are crumbling worldwide, the vivid contrast between mindsets in free societies and the Taliban-like posi tion toward sexual freedom on part of jihadists is playing a part in the psychological conditioning of jihadi violence (h). generative and Abortion Rights ( roe v. Wade)Reproductive rights became one of the biggest concerns besides the unofficial inequalities, official legal inequalities, sexuality, family and the work place.Abortion rights were legalized by the US Supreme Court in 1973 following the case of imply Parenthood v. Casey where the Court affirmed the abortion right granted in Roe v. Wade while permitting further restrictions (d). The practice of abortion is legal in the United States. This seems simple enough, but just like everything about the abortion conflict, there is no easy way to describe abortion law. The law has many sources constitutions, legislative statutes, administrative regulations, courts decisions and to become an expert on abortion law one would have to become familiar with all of them. The foundation of abortion law is the US Constitution as interp reted by The Supreme Court. Constitutional law does not directly queer abortion. Rather, it sets limits on the powers of the states and the federal government to regulate abortion. The Court has established this constitutional law of abortion through a series of decisions, called case law, especially Roe v. Wade, Doe v. Bolton, and Planned Parenthood v. Casey.Roe v. Wade was a challenge to the constitutionality of the criminal law that Texas enacted in the 1850s. The law prohibited anyone to procure or attempt an abortion except, based on aesculapian advice, for the purpose of saving the life of the mother.Doe v. Bolton was a challenge to Georgias 1968 reform that criminalized abortion except when the pregnancy endangered the life of the mother, there was a spout fetal deformity, or the pregnancy was the result of rape. The Georgia reform was very restrictive. In this case the Georgia legislature had added stringent and cumbersome rules including a fate that the abortion decisio n must be approved by a committee and the medical judgment must be confirmed by two doctors in addition to the womans own physician. The justices treated the two cases as a single decision, but it is Roe v. Wade that has become the most famous, the symbol for what is right and wrong (depending on your point of view) with abortion law in the United States (o).Discrimination Against WomenFrom international perspective, in the context of a highly authoritarian and theocratic state in Iran, womens rights have been framed within an Islamist normative discourse, not only by religious and state authorities, but also by some advocates of womens rights. Such strategies have attracted considerable controversy, almost since the immediate aftermath of the Iranian revolution in 1979 (i).In honoring the womens right throughout the world, The United Nation has formed a commission to watch the inequality treatments against women. International Womens Day has become an official day on March 8, 2010 (e).Third Wave Feminism, 1990 to fork upThird Wave Feminism began around 1990 and continues into today. It arose primarily out of the experiences of Americans born after 1960 who grew up enjoying many of the advantages second wave feminists had to fight to achieve.(9) It is believed that the third wave picks up where the second wave left off and addresses issues such as racism, oppression, body image, gender categories, and sexuality. In 2004, Unilever PLC with its Dove brand soap launched the Campaign for rattling Beauty aimed at beauty stereotypes and self-esteem (10).Emphasis on racism during the third-wave can be seen in the Thomas-Hill hearings in 1991 where a white male trial for Supreme Court Justice is accused of sexual harassment by a young black woman. The hearings are credited with bringing public sensory faculty to gender discrimination, and Anita Hill is often refered to as the mother of a new wave of gender discrimination awareness by several feminist groups (12).I ssues of the third-wave era can have different meaning for different people around the world. Oppression for a business woman in the United States might mean hitting the glass ceiling for that long awaited promotion. In Afghanistan, it would mean gender apartheid being stripped of basic human rights and even killed simply because they are women. There are many organization available to address feminist issues on local and global levels.http//feministmajority.org/about/index.asphttp//www.feministing.com/about.htmlaboutFemhttp//www.now.org/